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What are antiviral COVID-19 pills and how could they help? – Global News

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The United Kingdom on Thursday became the first country in the world to approve an orally ingested COVID-19 antiviral pill, developed by Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics.

On Friday, COVID-19 vaccine maker Pfizer unveiled promising results on their experimental pill, claiming that it could cut rates of hospitalization and death from the virus by nearly 90 per cent.

Public health experts have described the implementation of the anti-viral pills as potentially game-changing in the fight against the pandemic, citing both their effectiveness in preventing severe disease and death as well as their low cost to produce.

Read more:
New Pfizer COVID-19 pill reduces hospital, death risk by 90%, company says

Here’s what you need to know about the anti-viral COVID-19 pills.

How does it work?

The antiviral drugs have intrigued health experts and epidemiologists in how they specifically target parts of the virus’ genetic code.

In the case of Merck’s molnupiravir, the drug, once ingested, targets an enzyme used by the coronavirus to reproduce itself.

When the coronavirus’ RNA begins to replicate within a cell, it would mistakenly pick up the drug and incorporate it into the RNA chain.

The drug would then insert errors into the virus’ genetic code — slowing its ability to spread and take over human cells.






5:36
Answering your COVID-19 questions – Nov. 4, 2021


Answering your COVID-19 questions – Nov. 4, 2021

“So basically, if the virus is trying to replicate more and more copies of itself, one of the things it needs is to put that intact viral RNA into that new virus particle that’s going to be shed from the cell, and this drug basically really screws that whole process up,” explained Dr. Gerald Evans, chair of Infectious Diseases at Queen’s University.

“It creates like a faulty template to be able to undergo further replication.”

While Merck’s pill acts as a nucleoside analog that tries to introduce errors into the virus’ genetic code, Pfizer’s differs as an inhibitor that looks to block an enzyme the coronavirus needs in order to multiply.

Pfizer said its pill targets the part of the virus essential to viral replication, essentially meaning that it cannot become resistant to the drug itself.

Read more:
U.K. approves Merck antiviral pill to treat COVID-19

Both antiviral remedies would need to be taken over a period of five days, though the number of pills taken would differ between the brands.

Pfizer’s anti-viral concoction would need to be taken six times a day, with three tablets in the morning and another three at night. Merck’s treatment on the other hand needs eight pills in total, with four in the morning and four in the evening.

How effective are the pills?

In early October, Merck revealed that its pill cut the chances of COVID-19 hospitalization or death by 50 per cent in at-risk patients if its pill was given within five days of the disease’ onset.

The company said then that viral sequencing so far showed that its drug would be effective against all variants of COVID-19 — including the much more deadly Delta.






6:47
Is Merck’s COVID pill a game changer?


Is Merck’s COVID pill a game changer?

On Friday, Pfizer said that its pill could reduce the chances of hospitalization or death by nearly 90 per cent should patients be treated within three days of the onset of symptoms, and 85 per cent within five days of onset.

Of the 1,219 patients in Pfizer’s study, 0.8 per cent were hospitalized and none died within 28 days after treatment compared to the seven per cent hospitalization rate and seven deaths in the placebo group who were not administered the drug.

Another two trials including people without underlying risks factors and people who were exposed to the virus but were not yet infected are still underway, the company said.

Are there side effects?

While both Pfizer and Merck’s drugs showed promising results, none were free from potential side effects.

Pfizer’s drug would have to be taken alongside an older antiviral called ritonavir, which works to boost the activity of inhibitors but could potentially cause gastrointestinal side effects and interfere with other medicines.

Similar drugs in the same class as Merck’s have also been linked to birth defects in some animal studies, though the company said that studies of its drug currently don’t show signs of it causing any birth defects or cancer.

Read more:
COVID-19 antiviral pill approved in U.K. still being reviewed by Health Canada

Both of the companies expressed confidence in their drug’s safety, despite having released only limited data on the treatments.

According to Pfizer, about 20 per cent of patients having taken the drug or a placebo experienced mostly mild adverse events, and that serious side effects were found in 1.7 per cent of those who took the drug.






1:45
Health Canada considers Merck’s experimental COVID-19 drug


Health Canada considers Merck’s experimental COVID-19 drug – Oct 4, 2021

In Merck’s case, 12 per cent of patients who took the drug and 11 per cent who took a placebo experienced an adverse event. But the company’s pill targets the genetic code of the virus, leading to some experts questioning whether the drug could cause mutations like birth defects or tumours.

The U.K.’s regulatory agency said however that the pill’s ability to interact with DNA has been studied “extensively” and that it wouldn’t pose a risk to humans.

How could it change the fight against COVID-19?

While the U.K. remains the first and only country to have approved Merck’s antiviral pill, others aren’t too far behind.

U.S. advisers are set to meet later in November to vote on whether the drug should be authorized while Health Canada said it was still reviewing data from the pharmaceutical company before making its decision.

Merck has already etched out deals to sell more than 3 million courses of its drug so far, while the U.S. has already secured “millions of pill doses” of Pfizer’s antiviral pill according to President Joe Biden on Friday.






1:06
Fauci says Merck data on its COVID-19 pill treatment ‘impressive’


Fauci says Merck data on its COVID-19 pill treatment ‘impressive’ – Oct 1, 2021

Dr. Sumon Chakrabarti told The Canadian Press that the “slow burn” of hospitalizations may have added more urgency to the U.K.’s authorization of the drug — a sentiment Evans also echoed.

And while there seems to be an urgency for its approval in other countries struggling from virus hospitalizations like Britain, both experts said that Canada’s health regulator would be sure to look to at it from a more domestic context.

Evans said that the vast majority of the Canadian population has already been vaccinated and protected against COVID-19 — essentially placing the antiviral drugs in a “niche” spot.

The drug wouldn’t specifically protect a person from contracting the virus, but would protect them from severe outcomes should they get it, according to Evans.

Read more:
Experimental pill fights COVID-19, drug-maker Merck claims

“So this would be a drug, which is if you want to think about it, it’s in a kind of niche, and the niche is an unvaccinated person where you don’t have that enormous protective effect of vaccines,” he said.

However, the the medication could potentially push undecided people from getting the vaccine, warned Evans.

“If this drug proves to be useful, it’s going to make people who otherwise should go for the vaccine … say ‘well, no, no we got an antiviral here, so I think I will not bother to get the vaccine,’ and that’s one of the only drawbacks to it right?”

With files from The Canadian Press, the Associated Press and Reuters

© 2021 Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc.

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Telus prioritizing ‘most important customers,’ avoiding ‘unprofitable’ offers: CFO

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Telus Corp. says it is avoiding offering “unprofitable” discounts as fierce competition in the Canadian telecommunications sector shows no sign of slowing down.

The company said Friday it had fewer net new customers during its third quarter compared with the same time last year, as it copes with increasingly “aggressive marketing and promotional pricing” that is prompting more customers to switch providers.

Telus said it added 347,000 net new customers, down around 14.5 per cent compared with last year. The figure includes 130,000 mobile phone subscribers and 34,000 internet customers, down 30,000 and 3,000, respectively, year-over-year.

The company reported its mobile phone churn rate — a metric measuring subscribers who cancelled their services — was 1.09 per cent in the third quarter, up from 1.03 per cent in the third quarter of 2023. That included a postpaid mobile phone churn rate of 0.90 per cent in its latest quarter.

Telus said its focus is on customer retention through its “industry-leading service and network quality, along with successful promotions and bundled offerings.”

“The customers we have are the most important customers we can get,” said chief financial officer Doug French in an interview.

“We’ve, again, just continued to focus on what matters most to our customers, from a product and customer service perspective, while not loading unprofitable customers.”

Meanwhile, Telus reported its net income attributable to common shares more than doubled during its third quarter.

The telecommunications company said it earned $280 million, up 105.9 per cent from the same three-month period in 2023. Earnings per diluted share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 was 19 cents compared with nine cents a year earlier.

It reported adjusted net income was $413 million, up 10.7 per cent year-over-year from $373 million in the same quarter last year. Operating revenue and other income for the quarter was $5.1 billion, up 1.8 per cent from the previous year.

Mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.85 in the third quarter, a decrease of $2.09 or 3.4 per cent from a year ago. Telus said the drop was attributable to customers signing up for base rate plans with lower prices, along with a decline in overage and roaming revenues.

It said customers are increasingly adopting unlimited data and Canada-U.S. plans which provide higher and more stable ARPU on a monthly basis.

“In a tough operating environment and relative to peers, we view Q3 results that were in line to slightly better than forecast as the best of the bunch,” said RBC analyst Drew McReynolds in a note.

Scotiabank analyst Maher Yaghi added that “the telecom industry in Canada remains very challenging for all players, however, Telus has been able to face these pressures” and still deliver growth.

The Big 3 telecom providers — which also include Rogers Communications Inc. and BCE Inc. — have frequently stressed that the market has grown more competitive in recent years, especially after the closing of Quebecor Inc.’s purchase of Freedom Mobile in April 2023.

Hailed as a fourth national carrier, Quebecor has invested in enhancements to Freedom’s network while offering more affordable plans as part of a set of commitments it was mandated by Ottawa to agree to.

The cost of telephone services in September was down eight per cent compared with a year earlier, according to Statistics Canada’s most recent inflation report last month.

“I think competition has been and continues to be, I’d say, quite intense in Canada, and we’ve obviously had to just manage our business the way we see fit,” said French.

Asked how long that environment could last, he said that’s out of Telus’ hands.

“What I can control, though, is how we go to market and how we lead with our products,” he said.

“I think the conditions within the market will have to adjust accordingly over time. We’ve continued to focus on digitization, continued to bring our cost structure down to compete, irrespective of the price and the current market conditions.”

Still, Canada’s telecom regulator continues to warn providers about customers facing more charges on their cellphone and internet bills.

On Tuesday, CRTC vice-president of consumer, analytics and strategy Scott Hutton called on providers to ensure they clearly inform their customers of charges such as early cancellation fees.

That followed statements from the regulator in recent weeks cautioning against rising international roaming fees and “surprise” price increases being found on their bills.

Hutton said the CRTC plans to launch public consultations in the coming weeks that will focus “on ensuring that information is clear and consistent, making it easier to compare offers and switch services or providers.”

“The CRTC is concerned with recent trends, which suggest that Canadians may not be benefiting from the full protections of our codes,” he said.

“We will continue to monitor developments and will take further action if our codes are not being followed.”

French said any initiative to boost transparency is a step in the right direction.

“I can’t say we are perfect across the board, but what I can say is we are absolutely taking it under consideration and trying to be the best at communicating with our customers,” he said.

“I think everyone looking in the mirror would say there’s room for improvement.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

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TC Energy cuts cost estimate for Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico

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CALGARY – TC Energy Corp. has lowered the estimated cost of its Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico.

It says it now expects the project to cost between US$3.9 billion and US$4.1 billion compared with its original estimate of US$4.5 billion.

The change came as the company reported a third-quarter profit attributable to common shareholders of C$1.46 billion or $1.40 per share compared with a loss of C$197 million or 19 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

Revenue for the quarter ended Sept. 30 totalled C$4.08 billion, up from C$3.94 billion in the third quarter of 2023.

TC Energy says its comparable earnings for its latest quarter amounted to C$1.03 per share compared with C$1.00 per share a year earlier.

The average analyst estimate had been for a profit of 95 cents per share, according to LSEG Data & Analytics.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:TRP)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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BCE reports Q3 loss on asset impairment charge, cuts revenue guidance

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BCE Inc. reported a loss in its latest quarter as it recorded $2.11 billion in asset impairment charges, mainly related to Bell Media’s TV and radio properties.

The company says its net loss attributable to common shareholders amounted to $1.24 billion or $1.36 per share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 compared with a profit of $640 million or 70 cents per share a year earlier.

On an adjusted basis, BCE says it earned 75 cents per share in its latest quarter compared with an adjusted profit of 81 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

“Bell’s results for the third quarter demonstrate that we are disciplined in our pursuit of profitable growth in an intensely competitive environment,” BCE chief executive Mirko Bibic said in a statement.

“Our focus this quarter, and throughout 2024, has been to attract higher-margin subscribers and reduce costs to help offset short-term revenue impacts from sustained competitive pricing pressures, slow economic growth and a media advertising market that is in transition.”

Operating revenue for the quarter totalled $5.97 billion, down from $6.08 billion in its third quarter of 2023.

BCE also said it now expects its revenue for 2024 to fall about 1.5 per cent compared with earlier guidance for an increase of zero to four per cent.

The company says the change comes as it faces lower-than-anticipated wireless product revenue and sustained pressure on wireless prices.

BCE added 33,111 net postpaid mobile phone subscribers, down 76.8 per cent from the same period last year, which was the company’s second-best performance on the metric since 2010.

It says the drop was driven by higher customer churn — a measure of subscribers who cancelled their service — amid greater competitive activity and promotional offer intensity. BCE’s monthly churn rate for the category was 1.28 per cent, up from 1.1 per cent during its previous third quarter.

The company also saw 11.6 per cent fewer gross subscriber activations “due to more targeted promotional offers and mobile device discounting compared to last year.”

Bell’s wireless mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.26, down 3.4 per cent from $60.28 in the third quarter of the prior year.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:BCE)

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