Millions of people in Texas were left shivering without power, heat and running water for several days this week and at least 30 died after a severe winter storm crippled power plants and the electricity grid.
The storm hit late last weekend, blasting parts of the southern U.S. with snow, sleet, freezing rain and temperatures as low as -20 C. It knocked out power and forced some utilities to implement rolling blackouts in other states as well.
A severe winter storm is bringing snow and freezing temperatures to U.S. states as far south as Texas. The unusual weather is affecting more than 150 million people, causing power outages and deadly traffic pile-ups across dozens of states. 2:17
Two things happened at the same time in Texas, a state that doesn’t often have to deal with severe winter weather.
There was a record demand for power to heat homes and keep warm — unusual in the winter for Texas, which typically sees higher demand in summer due to air conditioning.
That coincided with a loss of power generation from plants that weren’t equipped to deal with the extreme cold.
The combination forced utilities to impose “controlled outages,” or rotating blackouts, to stop customers from outstripping supplies.
But beyond those very direct causes, a number of other factors were in play that prevented Texas from being prepared for the storm, experts say.
Abilene, Texas, Mayor Anthony Williams addresses the media, along with city manager Robert Hanna, during a news conference on Monday at the darkened city hall. All three of the city’s water treatment plants lost power and shut down. (Ronald W. Erdrich /The Abilene Reporter-News via AP)
Power system wasn’t prepared for extreme weather
While most power plants in Canada are designed for winter weather and housed in buildings, that’s not the case in Texas, said Emily Grubert, assistant professor of environmental engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, in an interview with CBC’s The Current.
“They might not have walls even, in quite the same way,” she said. “They might not have insulated pipes.… The whole grid was subject to extreme conditions that it was not designed to handle.”
LISTEN | What we can learn from the Texas blackout:
The Current19:10What we can learn from the Texas blackout
Millions of Texans have been suffering in the cold and dark this week after a winter storm walloped the state with snow and cold, and overwhelmed the state’s energy grid. Matt Galloway speaks with Biko Gray, whose power went out in Houston on Sunday night, and Emily Grubert, an assistant professor of environmental engineering at Georgia Tech who says the disaster shows how governments and individuals need to prepare for more extreme weather. Judah Cohen, director of seasonal forecasting at Atmospheric and Environmental Research, weighs in on the role of climate change. 19:10
However, Grubert said, there have been many questions about whether the plants should have been designed to handle this type of weather.
In fact, what happened this week in Texas was “unfortunate, but not unforeseen,” said Francis Bradley, president and CEO of the Canadian Electricity Association, which represents electricity utilities and companies across Canada.
He said a review following a previous extreme freeze in 2014 identified the problems that devastated the state this week and recommended steps such as winterizing generating plants. But upgrades take time.
Deregulation, politics may have played a role
The problem wasn’t just lack of time, but the fact Texas is a fully deregulated electricity market that doesn’t necessarily have the same central long-term planning authorities that exist in Canada, Bradley said.
“The market signals don’t necessarily move in the right direction to facilitate these kinds of long-term investments that are required.”
Tom Seng, director of the School of Energy Economics, Policy and Commerce at the University of Tulsa, summed up the utilities’ perspective in that context: “Up until now, it’s been an issue of, ‘Well, we don’t think that’s worth it to ratepayers for what might be a very infrequent weather event.'”
WATCH | Millions of Texans without heat, power as politicians play blame game:
Millions of Texans are struggling to stay warm as power outages continue across the state, while politicians are looking to place blame for the systemic failure. 3:35
In Canada, Bradley said, most systems are regulated. Ontario and Alberta have partially deregulated electricity systems, he said, but still have strong regional long-term planning and regulation to ensure the provinces are prepared for extreme events that could impact the electricity system.
Prof. Jatin Nathwani, executive director of the Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy at the University of Waterloo, said he thinks the organization that oversees Texas’s grid, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), is capable of central co-ordination and planning, but other factors, such as local politics, can hamper upgrades.
“It is a political climate, I think, which is a little less receptive to the kinds of investments I’m talking about that would make the system a lot more resilient and stronger,” he said.
A lack of connections to backup power supplies
Electricity systems in Canada — and most systems across North America — have a backup source if their local power generation can’t meet demand for whatever reason. They’re connected to supplies in neighbouring provinces and states, often as part of larger regional grids, and can import power if needed.
“Every province is connected either east-west or north-south, and in many cases both,” Bradley said.
That’s not the case for Texas.
“The problem they’re having is they don’t have a lot of interconnection with other grids.”
Of course, there can be a downside to that connectivity. In 2003, an issue in Ohio triggered a huge blackout throughout much of the northeastern U.S. and Ontario.
WATCH | The great blackout of 2003:
More than 50 million people go without electricity as a massive power outage reduces Ontario and the eastern U.S. to a crawl. 8:51
However, Bradley said that type of event has only happened twice since the 1960s, and each time resulted in upgrades to standards and equipment that made the chance of it happening again less likely.
Some provinces, such as Ontario, benefit from power imports and exports every single day. Mostly, that benefit is economic, said Leonard Kula, vice-president of planning, acquisition and operations and chief operating officer of the Independent Electricity System Operator, the Crown corporation responsible for managing Ontario’s power system and planning for its future. But the imports can also cover shortages in the province when needed, such as during a 2005 summer heat wave, without the public even noticing.
“The risk and the potential impact to Ontario of that interconnectedness is a fraction of the benefits that we get from being well connected with our neighbours,” Kula said.
Bradley has a similar view: “The more bulk power interconnections we have between states, between provinces, between regions, the greater resilience that we’re able to have.”
There are five regional grids or ‘interconnections’ in North America. Even though Quebec has its own independent grid, it has connections to other grids. (CBC)
In Canada, the extent of interconnection and exchange of power varies from province to province.
Ontario can import up to 20 per cent of its peak demand, according to the province’s Independent Electricity System Operator.
Alberta can import less than 10 per cent, prompting University of Calgary economics professor Blake Shaffer and Joshua Rhodes at the University of Texas at Austin to suggest that greater interconnections are needed with neighbouring provinces and states to avoid a situation similar to the one in Texas (and Texas could use some more interconnections, too).
Quebec runs an independent grid like Texas, but does have connections to import power if needed. Although Hydro-Québec spokesperson Louis-Olivier Batty said that’s quite unusual and a last resort for the province.
Did the mix of fossil fuel and renewable energy play a role?
While some politicians such as Texas Gov. Greg Abbott blamed the state’s power problems on the storm shutting down wind and solar plants, Grubert called that “frankly offensive” considering they make up just 10 per cent of the power mix in Texas.
“The thermal plants — the natural gas plants, in particular — failed very unexpectedly and in a very spectacular way,” she said.
Typically, utilities and power authorities forecast supply and demand to be able to match them as closely as possible. They recognize that some types of generation may not produce as much power in winter. For example, Batty said Hydro-Québec prepares to meet peak winter demand without counting on wind.
Energy experts tend to agree that having a mix of power generation is beneficial.
“Diversity is really, really helpful,” said Kula. “If you are having problems with one fuel type, well, then you don’t have all your eggs in one basket.”
In fact, Texas did have a diverse mix of gas, nuclear, wind and coal generation, but in this case, many different kinds of plants proved to be vulnerable to cold.
Is Canada’s system better prepared for extreme weather?
The experts who spoke with CBC News say yes. While the definition of extreme weather may differ between Texas and Canada, this country has faced some widespread and prolonged blackouts caused by the elements. One example would be the 1998 ice storm in Ontario and Quebec.
“Extreme weather is a fact of life in Canada,” Bradley said. “Canadians know that, and the electricity companies know that as well. And so every time there is a major event, there are lessons learned and those lessons are implemented…. We’re constantly adapting the system as we see new and more extreme weather events taking place.”
WATCH | The ice storm of 1998:
The ice storm of 1998 started out as nothing more than a cold drizzle. But on January 7, the storm hit its peak. The electrical pylons across the city were built to withstand 15 millimetres of freezing rain. Montreal received over 100 millimetres that day. 3:02
Nathwani said most provinces have invested in building up the power supply and making infrastructure more robust, and recognize it’s worth the cost, as the crisis in Texas shows.
“The risk of not having a power supply — and in this case, people are dying and freezing — is far greater than having a bit of excess supply that costs something.”
Nova Scotia RCMP say their investigation into two suspicious deaths earlier this month has concluded that one man died by homicide and the other by suicide.
The bodies of two men, aged 40 and 73, were found in a home in Windsor, N.S., on Sept. 3.
Police say the province’s medical examiner determined the 40-year-old man was killed and the 73-year-old man killed himself.
They say the two men were members of the same family.
No arrests or charges are anticipated, and the names of the deceased will not be released.
RCMP say they will not be releasing any further details out of respect for the family.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024.
For the first time in their history, members of the Cree community of Nemaska received a visit from a sitting Quebec premier on Sunday and were able to share first-hand the story of how they were displaced by a hydroelectric project in the 1970s.
François Legault was greeted in Nemaska by men and women who arrived by canoe to re-enact the founding of their new village in the Eeyou Istchee James Bay region, in northern Quebec, 47 years ago. The community was forced in the early 1970s to move from its original location because members were told it would be flooded as part of the Nottaway-Broadback-Rupert hydro project.
The reservoir was ultimately constructed elsewhere, but by then the members of the village had already left for other places, abandoning their homes and many of their belongings in the process.
George Wapachee, co-author of the book “Going Home,” said community members were “relocated for nothing.”
“We didn’t know what the rights were, or who to turn to,” he said in an interview. “That turned us into refugees and we were forced to abandon the life we knew.”
Nemaska’s story illustrates the challenges Legault’s government faces as it looks to build new dams to meet the province’s power needs, which are anticipated to double by 2050. Legault has promised that any new projects will be developed in partnership with Indigenous people and have “social acceptability,” but experts say that’s easier said than done.
François Bouffard, an associate professor of electrical engineering at McGill University, said the earlier era of hydro projects were developed without any consideration for the Indigenous inhabitants living nearby.
“We live in a much different world now,” he said. “Any kind of hydro development, no matter where in Quebec, will require true consent and partnership from Indigenous communities.” Those groups likely want to be treated as stakeholders, he added.
Securing wider social acceptability for projects that significantly change the landscape — as hydro dams often do — is also “a big ask,” he said. The government, Bouchard added, will likely focus on boosting capacity in its existing dams, or building installations that run off river flow and don’t require flooding large swaths of land to create reservoirs.
Louis Beaumier, executive director of the Trottier Energy Institute at Polytechnique Montreal, said Legault’s visit to Nemaska represents a desire for reconciliation with Indigenous people who were traumatized by the way earlier projects were carried about.
Any new projects will need the consent of local First Nations, Beaumier said, adding that its easier to get their blessing for wind power projects compared to dams, because they’re less destructive to the environment and easier around which to structure a partnership agreement.
Beaumier added that he believes it will be nearly impossible to get the public — Indigenous or not — to agree to “the destruction of a river” for a new dam, noting that in recent decades people have come to recognize rivers as the “unique, irreplaceable riches” that they are.
Legault’s visit to northern Quebec came on Sept. 15, when the community gathers every year to remember the founding of the “New Nemaska,” on the shores of Lake Champion in the heart of the boreal forest, some 1,500 kilometres from Montreal. Nemaska Chief Clarence Jolly said the community invited Legault to a traditional feast on Sunday, and planned to present him with Wapachee’s book and tell him their stories.
The book, published in 2022 along with Susan Marshall, is filled with stories of Nemaska community members. Leaving behind sewing machines and hunting dogs, they were initially sent to two different villages, Wapachee said.
In their new homes, several of them were forced to live in “deplorable conditions,” and some were physically and verbally abused, he said. The new village of Nemaska was only built a few years later, in 1977.
“At this time, families were losing their children to prison-schools,” he said, in reference to the residential school system. “Imagine the burden of losing your community as well.”
Thomas Jolly, a former chief, said he was 15 years old when he was forced to leave his village with all his belongings in a single bag.
Meeting Legault was important “because have to recognize what happened and we have to talk about the repercussions that the relocation had on people,” he said, adding that those effects are still felt today.
Earlier Sunday, Legault was in the Cree community of Eastmain, where he participated in the official renaming of a hydro complex in honour of former premier Bernard Landry. At the event, Legault said he would follow the example of his late predecessor, who oversaw the signing of the historic “Paix des Braves” agreement between the Quebec government and the Cree in 2002.
He said there is “significant potential” in Eeyou Istchee James Bay, both in increasing the capacity of its large dams and in developing wind power projects.
“Obviously, we will do that with the Cree,” he said.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024.
NEMASKA – For the first time in their history, members of the Cree community of Nemaska received a visit from a sitting Quebec premier on Sunday and were able to share first-hand the story of how they were displaced by a hydroelectric project in the 1970s.
François Legault was greeted in Nemaska by men and women who arrived by canoe to re-enact the founding of their new village in the Eeyou Istchee James Bay region, in northern Quebec, 47 years ago. The community was forced in the early 1970s to move from their original location because they were told it would be flooded as part of the Nottaway-Broadback-Rupert hydro project.
The reservoir was ultimately constructed elsewhere, but by then the members of the village had already left for other places, abandoning their homes and many of their belongings in the process.
George Wapachee, co-author of the book “Going Home,” said community members were “relocated for nothing.”
“We didn’t know what the rights were, or who to turn to,” he said in an interview. “That turned us into refugees and we were forced to abandon the life we knew.”
The book, published in 2022 by Wapachee and Susan Marshall, is filled with stories of Cree community members. Leaving behind sewing machines and hunting dogs, they were initially sent to two different villages, 100 and 300 kilometres away, Wapachee said.
In their new homes, several of them were forced to live in “deplorable conditions,” and some were physically and verbally abused, he said. The new village of Nemaska was only built a few years later, in 1977.
“At this time, families were losing their children to prison-schools,” he said, in reference to the residential school system. “Imagine the burden of losing your community as well.”
Legault’s visit came on Sept. 15, when the community gathers every year to remember the founding of the “New Nemaska,” on the shores of Lake Champion in the heart of the boreal forest, some 1,500 kilometres from Montreal. Nemaska Chief Clarence Jolly said the community invited Legault to a traditional feast on Sunday, and planned to present him with Wapachee’s book and tell him their stories.
Thomas Jolly, a former chief, said he was 15 years old when he was forced to leave his village with all his belongings in a single bag.
Meeting Legault was important “because have to recognize what happened and we have to talk about the repercussions that the relocation had on people,” he said, adding that those effects are still felt today.
Earlier Sunday, Legault had been in the Cree community of Eastmain, where he participated in the official renaming of a hydro dam in honour of former premier Bernard Landry.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024.
