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What is Bill C-18? Canada’s Online News Act explained

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Canada’s Bill C-18 has passed into law, requiring compensation deals to be struck between tech companies and news organizations if they want to host links to Canadian news content. This is a framework that Google and Meta have rejected, both stating they will instead be blocking Canadian news content.

But what does this bill, and the responses from the tech giants, actually mean for Canadians?

In brief, C-18 means Canadians may no longer see local news in the places they normally check online, such as social media and Google, and will have to seek it out elsewhere to stay informed of the blocked content.

What is Bill C-18?

Bill C-18, or the Online News Act, lays out a framework that would require digital giants such as Google and Meta to develop deals with Canadian news sites for previewing and sharing their online news content.

“The Bill introduces a new bargaining framework intended to support news businesses to secure fair compensation when their news content is made available by dominant digital news intermediaries and generates economic gain,” an explanatory note from the government says. “It seeks to support balanced negotiations between the businesses that operate dominant digital news intermediaries and the businesses responsible for the news outlets that produce this news content.”

Who does Bill C-18 affect?

The bill requires tech companies to compensate Canadian news organizations when their content appears on their platforms. The federal government says the bill is to help the Canadian news industry, which has seen falling subscriptions and ad revenue overtime as those profits shift to Google and Facebook.

According to an Angus Reid report released earlier this month, 85 per cent of Canadians do not pay for any online news subscription, and Canadians under the age of 64 usually check social media sites such as Facebook and Reddit first to get their news.

According to the Parliamentary Budget Officer, which provides economic and financial analysis to the government as an independent body, the bill would shift around $329 million to the Canadian news industry.

When does Bill C-18 go into effect?

The bill became law in June 2023. The effective date is unclear; however, it is expected to come into force in the next six months.

How have tech giants reacted?

Both Google and Meta – the company behind Facebook and Instagram – have stated that they will be removing links to Canadian news from their platforms in response to the law, before the end of the year.

Meanwhile, Google called the bill a “link tax,” saying that it “breaks the way the web and search engines have worked for more than 30 years.”

Where will news be blocked?

Links to Canadian news platforms will not be shared on Google, Facebook or Instagram when Bill C-18 comes into effect.

According to a statement from Google on June 29, links to Canadian news will be removed from its Search, News and Discover products.

The company noted that this won’t apply to its SOS Alerts, which connect Google users to the most relevant safety information in the event of a crisis such as a forest fire, flood or earthquake.

Meta stated in an update posted on June 22 that news availability would be ending on its sites for all users in Canada “prior to the Online News Act (Bill C-18) taking effect”.

Which news organizations are impacted?

While it’s common sense that publications that make the delivery of news their main focus will be affected by Google and Meta blocking their content, the limits of what counts as a news website in the eyes of this new law isn’t completely clear yet.

Google notes that it will not be hosting links to content that has been defined as an “eligible news business” by Bill C-18.

The legislation states that news businesses are considered eligible as long as they fall under certain requirements, including:

  • producing news content of “public interest”;
  • employing two or more journalists in Canada;
  • operating in Canada; and
  • following the code of ethics of a recognized journalistic association or its own code of ethics that aligns with journalistic integrity.

An eligible news business also must produce news content “that is not primarily focused on a particular topic such as industry-specific news, sports, recreation, arts, lifestyle or entertainment,” according to Bill C-18, suggesting that lifestyle magazines and similar publications may not be affected by Google and Meta blocks.

Does this mean Canadians won’t have access to news websites at all?

Many people head straight to Google when they want to find out what is going on in the world, but a Google search isn’t the most direct way to find your news.

Canadians will still be able to access Canadian news sources by navigating directly to their websites.

Google itself recommends Canadians “visit their preferred news outlets’ websites directly – or download their app – and sign up for newsletters or subscriptions so that they can stay up to date with the latest news directly from the sources that matter most to them.”

Bookmarking your most frequently visited news websites now will allow you to navigate to them quickly even if their links are not being shared when you search a topic on Google.

Canadians will also still be able to see news from international news sources through Google.

How do I know if my news is being blocked?

In order to tell if news links are being blocked for you, simply go to the Google search engine and type in search terms connected to Canada, such as “Ottawa” or “Trudeau” and then click on Google’s “News” tab. If mostly news sources from the U.S. pop up, you’re likely among the users who are not being shown links to Canadian news outlets.

What are supporters saying about Bill C-18?

Supporters of the Liberal government’s bill say that it is a way to keep tech giants in check and cut into their digital dominance, and that journalists should be compensated for their work being used to help tech giants bring in more eyes and thus more ad revenue.

Canadian Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez told CTV’s Power Play in late June that tech companies have gotten too powerful.

“Around 500 newsrooms closed their doors across the country… and they will continue closing their doors,” Rodriguez said. “The status quo is not working because the money is going to the tech giants.”

Last year, Meta made more than US$23 billion in profit while Alphabet, Google’s parent company, made close to US$60 billion.

A recent survey from the Angus Reid Institute suggested that 82 per cent of Canadians agree “too few tech companies have too much power over the internet.”

However, 63 per cent are worried about losing access to Canadian news on Facebook and Google.

What is the criticism of Bill C-18?

Some critics are concerned that Google and Meta blocking news links from Canadian news sources will lead to a drop in media literacy.

Tech and cybersecurity expert Ritesh Kotak told CTV News Channel in late June that the removal of news from Google and Meta’s platforms could lead users to rely on unverified stories, making “deciphering fact from fiction” that much more difficult.

“This is a serious problem for news organizations and also members of the public,” he said, adding that news outlets should do more to promote their own platforms.

 

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RCMP end latest N.B. search regarding teenage girl who went missing in 2021

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BATHURST, N.B. – RCMP in New Brunswick say a weekend ground search for evidence related to the disappearance of a teenage girl in 2021 didn’t reveal any new information.

In an emailed statement, the RCMP said 20 people participated in the search for evidence in the case of Madison Roy-Boudreau of Bathurst.

The release said the search occurred in the Middle River area, just south of the girl’s hometown.

Police have said the 14-year-old’s disappearance is being treated as a homicide investigation.

The RCMP said the search “did not reveal any new information regarding the circumstances of her disappearance.”

There are no plans for another search until police receive a tip or a lead pointing to a new search area.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 21, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Man Tasered after trespassing in Victoria school, forcing lockdown

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VICTORIA – A middle school in Victoria was forced into a lockdown after a man entered the building without permission, and police say they had to use a stun gun to make an arrest.

Victoria police say officers received multiple calls around noon on Monday of an unknown male entering Central Middle School, leading staff to set off emergency procedures that put the building under lockdown.

Police say its emergency response team arrived within minutes and found the suspect, who “appeared to be in a drug-induced state,” in the school’s library.

A statement from police says the suspect resisted arrest, and officers had to use a Taser to subdue the man.

He’s being held by police and has been assessed by emergency medical staff.

Police say the man was not armed and there were no continuing safety concerns for students and staff following the arrest.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 21, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. Greens’ ex- leader Weaver thinks minority deal with NDP less likely than in 2017

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VANCOUVER – Former B.C. Green leader Andrew Weaver knows what it’s like to form a minority government with the NDP, but says such a deal to create the province’s next administration is less likely this time than seven years ago.

Weaver struck a power-sharing agreement that resulted in John Horgan’s NDP minority government in 2017, but said in an interview Monday there is now more animosity between the two parties.

Neither the NDP nor the B.C. Conservatives secured a majority in Saturday’s election, raising the prospect of a minority NDP government if Leader David Eby can get the support of two Green legislators.

Manual recounts in two ridings could also play an important role in the outcome, which will not be known for about a week.

Weaver, who is no longer a member of the Greens, endorsed a Conservative candidate in his home riding.

He said Eby would be in a better position to negotiate if Furstenau, who lost her seat, stepped aside as party leader.

“I think Mr. Eby would be able to have fresh discussions with fresh new faces around the table, (after) four years of political sniping … between Sonia and the NDP in the B.C. legislature,” he said.

He said Furstenau’s loss put the two elected Greens in an awkward position because parties “need the leader in the legislature.”

Furstenau could resign as leader or one of the elected Greens could step down and let her run in a byelection in their riding, he said.

“They need to resolve that issue sooner rather than later,” he said.

The Green victories went to Rob Botterell in Saanich North and the Islands and Jeremy Valeriote in West Vancouver-Sea to Sky.

Neither Botterell nor Valeriote have held seats in the legislature before, Weaver noted.

“It’s not like in 2017 when, you know, I had been in the (legislature) for four years already,” Weaver said, adding that “the learning curve is steep.”

Sanjay Jeram, chair of undergraduate studies in political science at Simon Fraser University, said he doesn’t think it’ll be an “easygoing relationship between (the NDP and Greens) this time around.”

“I don’t know if Eby and Furstenau have the same relationship — or the potential to have the same relationship — as Horgan and Weaver did,” he said. “I think their demands will be a little more strict and it’ll be a little more of a cold alliance than it was in 2017 if they do form an alliance.”

Horgan and Weaver shook hands on a confidence-and-supply agreement before attending a rugby match, where they were spotted sitting together before the deal became public knowledge.

Eby said in his election-night speech that he had already reached out to Furstenau and suggested common “progressive values” between their parties.

Furstenau said in her concession speech that her party was poised to play a “pivotal role” in the legislature.

Botterell said in an election-night interview that he was “totally supportive of Sonia” and he would “do everything I can to support her and the path forward that she chooses to take because that’s her decision.”

The Green Party of Canada issued a news release Monday, congratulating the candidates on their victories, noting Valeriote’s win is the first time that a Green MLA has been elected outside of Vancouver Island.

“Now, like all British Columbians we await the final seat count to know which party will have the best chance to form government. Let’s hope that the Green caucus has a pivotal role,” the release said, echoing Furstenau’s turn of phrase.

The final results of the election won’t be known until at least next week.

Elections BC says manual recounts will be held on Oct. 26 to 28 in two ridings where NDP candidates led B.C. Conservatives by fewer than 100 votes after the initial count ended on Sunday.

The outcomes in Surrey City Centre and Juan de Fuca-Malahat could determine who forms government.

The election’s initial results have the NDP elected or leading in 46 ridings, and the B.C. Conservatives in 45, both short of the 47 majority mark in B.C.’s 93-seat legislature.

If the Conservatives win both of the recount ridings and win all other ridings where they lead, Rustad will win with a one-seat majority.

If the NDP holds onto at least one of the ridings where there are recounts, wins the other races it leads, and strikes a deal with the Greens, they would have enough numbers to form a minority government.

But another election could also be on the cards, since the winner will have to nominate a Speaker, reducing the government’s numbers in the legislature by one vote.

Elections BC says it will also be counting about 49,000 absentee and mail-in ballots from Oct. 26 to 28.

The NDP went into the election with 55 ridings, representing a comfortable majority in what was then an 87-seat legislature.

Jeram, with Simon Fraser University, said though the counts aren’t finalized, the Conservatives were the big winners in the election.

“They weren’t really a not much of a formal party until not that long ago, and to go from two per cent of the vote to winning 45 or more seats in the B.C. provincial election is just incredible,” he said in an interview Monday.

Jeram said people had expected Eby to call an election after he took over from John Horgan in 2022, and if he had, he doesn’t think there would have been the same result.

He said the B.C. Conservative’s popularity grew as a result of the decision of the BC Liberals to rebrand as BC United and later drop out.

“Had Eby called an election before that really shook out, and maybe especially before (Pierre) Poilievre, kind of really had the wind in his sails and started to grow, I think he could have won the majority for sure.”

He said he wasn’t surprised by the results of the election, saying polls were fairly accurate.

“Ultimately, it really was a result that we saw coming for a while, since the moment that BC United withdrew and put their support behind the conservatives, I think this was the outcome that was expected.”

— With files from Darryl Greer

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 21, 2024.

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