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What people with allergies need to know about the COVID-19 vaccine – The Globe and Mail

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The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is administered to a personal-support worker at the Ottawa Hospital, on Dec. 15, 2020, in Ottawa.

Adrian Wyld/The Canadian Press

People with common allergies, such as to food, pollen or pets, are no more likely than the rest of the population to have a rare allergic reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine, according to experts.

Two U.S. health care workers had allergic reactions – one of them a serious reaction – after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine this week, CBS News reported on Thursday. In Britain, two National Health Services workers had severe allergic reactions after receiving the vaccine earlier this month.

Health Canada has recommended that anyone who is allergic to any of the ingredients should not receive the vaccine. It also advised that anyone who has had a serious allergic reaction to another vaccine, drug or food to talk to their health professional beforehand.

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The likelihood of having an allergic reaction to any of the components of the vaccine, however, is extremely rare, said Tim Vander Leek, president of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

“If anybody thinks that they may have a reason not to receive a vaccine like the Pfizer vaccine, I think it’s very important that they discuss that with their health care provider, as opposed to just avoiding it,” he said.

What caused the allergic reactions in the healthcare workers?

The answer is yet unknown. The allergen, or the substance that triggered the allergic reaction, in the two British cases is still under investigation, according to an e-mail from Britain’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

“One theory is that it may have been the Polyethylene glycol (PEG), but this is not yet proven,” it said.

According to the BBC, both individuals have a history of serious allergies and both were reportedly recovering well the day after receiving the vaccine.

In the U.S. cases, both of which occurred at the same hospital in Juneau, Alaska, one male worker experienced eye puffiness, light-headedness and a scratchy throat minutes after receiving the vaccine on Wednesday, while a female worker showed signs of an anaphylactic reaction on Tuesday, including increased heart rate, shortness of breath, and a skin rash, CBS News reported. Both were treated, and their reactions were not life-threatening. The specific allergen was not reported.

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What is polyethylene glycol?

Polyethylene glycol is a compound used in some medicines, cosmetics and foods, the MHRA said. This ingredient has been identified by Canada’s National Advisory Committee on Immunization as a potential allergen in the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.

It is unknown exactly how many people are allergic to PEG, since these allergies may not always be recognized, but research suggests it is extremely rare, Dr. Vander Leek said. For example, he noted in one review of all available medical literature between 1977 and 2016, only 37 cases of allergies to PEG were reported.

In a statement issued on Tuesday, the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology said PEG is found in multiple products that are tolerated safely on a daily basis by many individuals in Canada.

Like the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, which is expected to receive Health Canada approval soon, also contains PEG, so it is likely that the same recommendations – to not receive that vaccine if people have a known allergy to PEG or any other of the vaccine’s ingredients – will apply, Dr. Vander Leek said. However, he added, it is important to note that there are many different types of PEG molecules, and the molecules listed as ingredients in these two vaccines are different. Individuals with an allergy to one type of PEG may be able to tolerate another form of it, he said, noting this underscores the importance of consulting a health care provider.

What other ingredients are in the vaccine?

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The medicinal ingredient in the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is mRNA. Besides PEG, other non-medical ingredients are as follows: ALC-0315 = ((4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis(2-hexyldecanoate), 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol, dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate, monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sucrose, and water for injection.

None of these other ingredients has been identified as a likely cause of allergy, Dr. Vander Leek said.

The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and some of the candidate COVID-19 vaccines have common reported side effects, including fevers and aches. How do you distinguish an allergic reaction from an expected side effect?

Common responses to vaccines, which can last a couple days to a week or two, are the result of your immune system getting activated, said Zainab Abdurrahman, a clinical immunologist and allergist and assistant clinical professor (adjunct) of pediatrics at McMaster University. A rise in body temperature, redness and swelling around the injection site, and a general sense of tiredness or feeling under the weather are all part of the immune system’s response to try to fight off and stop the spread of infection from what it perceives as a pathogen, Dr. Abdurrahman said.

“Those are all normal things that your body does when it is trying to respond to a threat. And we want it to think what you’re getting in the vaccine is a threat,” so that it can recognize and respond to the actual pathogen, she said.

An allergic reaction, by contrast, is not expected and occurs typically within the first few minutes to an hour of receiving a vaccine, Dr. Abdurrahman said.

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This can involve rashes, breathing problems, swelling and a decrease in blood pressure.

Does having allergies to one substance make you more likely to be allergic to another?

People with asthma, for example, have a higher risk of environmental allergies, Dr. Abdurrahman said, but vaccine allergies are extremely rare. The chances of having anaphylaxis to a vaccine is about one in a million.

“It’s not so much that, [for example], having a peanut allergy is going to increase your risk of having a vaccine allergy; we don’t really see that,” she said.

While no COVID-19 vaccine is approved for children yet, there are trials underway to test them in adolescents. Are children more susceptible to allergies than adults?

There’s no reason to assume children will be more likely to have allergic reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine, Dr. Abdurrahman said.

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Since children do typically experience more redness and fevers when they get other kinds of vaccines than adults, she says she expects it may be more common for them to have expected side effects, like localized pain, redness, swelling and high temperature. Still, there’s no knowing which vaccine children may eventually receive.

What are the options for people who have known allergies to the vaccine ingredients?

It may be possible for them to choose another vaccine that does not have the component to which they are allergic, when others become available, Dr. Vander Leek said. Alternatively, he said, there may be potential ways of desensitizing the body so that they can tolerate receiving it.

Though he noted it is yet unknown whether this could apply to the COVID-19 vaccine, desensitization, which involves gradually building up the dose from an extremely small amount, is used routinely when patients need to take life-saving medications to which they are allergic.

The initial COVID-19 vaccinations in Canada and around the world raise questions about how people react to the shot, how pregnant women should approach it and how far away herd immunity may be. Globe health reporter Kelly Grant and science reporter Ivan Semeniuk discuss the answers. The Globe and Mail

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Telus prioritizing ‘most important customers,’ avoiding ‘unprofitable’ offers: CFO

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Telus Corp. says it is avoiding offering “unprofitable” discounts as fierce competition in the Canadian telecommunications sector shows no sign of slowing down.

The company said Friday it had fewer net new customers during its third quarter compared with the same time last year, as it copes with increasingly “aggressive marketing and promotional pricing” that is prompting more customers to switch providers.

Telus said it added 347,000 net new customers, down around 14.5 per cent compared with last year. The figure includes 130,000 mobile phone subscribers and 34,000 internet customers, down 30,000 and 3,000, respectively, year-over-year.

The company reported its mobile phone churn rate — a metric measuring subscribers who cancelled their services — was 1.09 per cent in the third quarter, up from 1.03 per cent in the third quarter of 2023. That included a postpaid mobile phone churn rate of 0.90 per cent in its latest quarter.

Telus said its focus is on customer retention through its “industry-leading service and network quality, along with successful promotions and bundled offerings.”

“The customers we have are the most important customers we can get,” said chief financial officer Doug French in an interview.

“We’ve, again, just continued to focus on what matters most to our customers, from a product and customer service perspective, while not loading unprofitable customers.”

Meanwhile, Telus reported its net income attributable to common shares more than doubled during its third quarter.

The telecommunications company said it earned $280 million, up 105.9 per cent from the same three-month period in 2023. Earnings per diluted share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 was 19 cents compared with nine cents a year earlier.

It reported adjusted net income was $413 million, up 10.7 per cent year-over-year from $373 million in the same quarter last year. Operating revenue and other income for the quarter was $5.1 billion, up 1.8 per cent from the previous year.

Mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.85 in the third quarter, a decrease of $2.09 or 3.4 per cent from a year ago. Telus said the drop was attributable to customers signing up for base rate plans with lower prices, along with a decline in overage and roaming revenues.

It said customers are increasingly adopting unlimited data and Canada-U.S. plans which provide higher and more stable ARPU on a monthly basis.

“In a tough operating environment and relative to peers, we view Q3 results that were in line to slightly better than forecast as the best of the bunch,” said RBC analyst Drew McReynolds in a note.

Scotiabank analyst Maher Yaghi added that “the telecom industry in Canada remains very challenging for all players, however, Telus has been able to face these pressures” and still deliver growth.

The Big 3 telecom providers — which also include Rogers Communications Inc. and BCE Inc. — have frequently stressed that the market has grown more competitive in recent years, especially after the closing of Quebecor Inc.’s purchase of Freedom Mobile in April 2023.

Hailed as a fourth national carrier, Quebecor has invested in enhancements to Freedom’s network while offering more affordable plans as part of a set of commitments it was mandated by Ottawa to agree to.

The cost of telephone services in September was down eight per cent compared with a year earlier, according to Statistics Canada’s most recent inflation report last month.

“I think competition has been and continues to be, I’d say, quite intense in Canada, and we’ve obviously had to just manage our business the way we see fit,” said French.

Asked how long that environment could last, he said that’s out of Telus’ hands.

“What I can control, though, is how we go to market and how we lead with our products,” he said.

“I think the conditions within the market will have to adjust accordingly over time. We’ve continued to focus on digitization, continued to bring our cost structure down to compete, irrespective of the price and the current market conditions.”

Still, Canada’s telecom regulator continues to warn providers about customers facing more charges on their cellphone and internet bills.

On Tuesday, CRTC vice-president of consumer, analytics and strategy Scott Hutton called on providers to ensure they clearly inform their customers of charges such as early cancellation fees.

That followed statements from the regulator in recent weeks cautioning against rising international roaming fees and “surprise” price increases being found on their bills.

Hutton said the CRTC plans to launch public consultations in the coming weeks that will focus “on ensuring that information is clear and consistent, making it easier to compare offers and switch services or providers.”

“The CRTC is concerned with recent trends, which suggest that Canadians may not be benefiting from the full protections of our codes,” he said.

“We will continue to monitor developments and will take further action if our codes are not being followed.”

French said any initiative to boost transparency is a step in the right direction.

“I can’t say we are perfect across the board, but what I can say is we are absolutely taking it under consideration and trying to be the best at communicating with our customers,” he said.

“I think everyone looking in the mirror would say there’s room for improvement.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

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TC Energy cuts cost estimate for Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico

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CALGARY – TC Energy Corp. has lowered the estimated cost of its Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico.

It says it now expects the project to cost between US$3.9 billion and US$4.1 billion compared with its original estimate of US$4.5 billion.

The change came as the company reported a third-quarter profit attributable to common shareholders of C$1.46 billion or $1.40 per share compared with a loss of C$197 million or 19 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

Revenue for the quarter ended Sept. 30 totalled C$4.08 billion, up from C$3.94 billion in the third quarter of 2023.

TC Energy says its comparable earnings for its latest quarter amounted to C$1.03 per share compared with C$1.00 per share a year earlier.

The average analyst estimate had been for a profit of 95 cents per share, according to LSEG Data & Analytics.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:TRP)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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BCE reports Q3 loss on asset impairment charge, cuts revenue guidance

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BCE Inc. reported a loss in its latest quarter as it recorded $2.11 billion in asset impairment charges, mainly related to Bell Media’s TV and radio properties.

The company says its net loss attributable to common shareholders amounted to $1.24 billion or $1.36 per share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 compared with a profit of $640 million or 70 cents per share a year earlier.

On an adjusted basis, BCE says it earned 75 cents per share in its latest quarter compared with an adjusted profit of 81 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

“Bell’s results for the third quarter demonstrate that we are disciplined in our pursuit of profitable growth in an intensely competitive environment,” BCE chief executive Mirko Bibic said in a statement.

“Our focus this quarter, and throughout 2024, has been to attract higher-margin subscribers and reduce costs to help offset short-term revenue impacts from sustained competitive pricing pressures, slow economic growth and a media advertising market that is in transition.”

Operating revenue for the quarter totalled $5.97 billion, down from $6.08 billion in its third quarter of 2023.

BCE also said it now expects its revenue for 2024 to fall about 1.5 per cent compared with earlier guidance for an increase of zero to four per cent.

The company says the change comes as it faces lower-than-anticipated wireless product revenue and sustained pressure on wireless prices.

BCE added 33,111 net postpaid mobile phone subscribers, down 76.8 per cent from the same period last year, which was the company’s second-best performance on the metric since 2010.

It says the drop was driven by higher customer churn — a measure of subscribers who cancelled their service — amid greater competitive activity and promotional offer intensity. BCE’s monthly churn rate for the category was 1.28 per cent, up from 1.1 per cent during its previous third quarter.

The company also saw 11.6 per cent fewer gross subscriber activations “due to more targeted promotional offers and mobile device discounting compared to last year.”

Bell’s wireless mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.26, down 3.4 per cent from $60.28 in the third quarter of the prior year.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:BCE)

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