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Why China is unlikely to rescue the world economy again

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As the rest of the world teeters on the brink of recession, the last thing Western policymakers want is for China, the biggest driver of global economic growth since the 2008 financial crisis, to have a lopsided recovery. But that is what is unfolding.

After abandoning its thee-year zero-COVID policy in December, the world’s second-largest economy isn’t exactly firing on all cylinders.

China’s imports contracted sharply in April by 7.9%, while exports grew at a slower pace of 8.5% compared to 14.8% in March. Consumer prices rose at the slowest pace in more than two years in April, while factory gate deflation — prices offered by China’s industrial wholesalers — deepened.

Meanwhile, new bank loans tumbled far more sharply than expected in April, with lenders extending 718.8 billion yuan ($104 billion/€94.5 billion) in new yuan loans in the month, less than a fifth of March’s tally.

Is China’s golden era over?

“China’s economy is not about to implode but it is not roaring back to the golden decade of the 2010s when it grew at a double-digit level,” Steve Tsang, director of the China Institute at the London-based School of Oriental and African Studies, told DW.

A strong rebound from China would help offset an expected slowdown in other parts of the world, spurred by monetary tightening policies by central banks over the past 12-18 months.

China’s huge stimulus after the 2008/09 financial crisis helped the global economy recover, partly due to the Asian country’s insatiable appetite for imported raw materials for infrastructure projects.

After a huge building boom, China’s unsold properties are weighing on the housing market and inhibiting overall growthImage: He Jinghua/ZUMA/picture alliance

But those past stimulus measures have left China mired in a mountain of debt. In March, the International Monetary Fund warned that Chinese local government debt alone has risen to a record 66 trillion yuan, equivalent to half the country’s GDP.

Tsang said those Western policymakers praying for China to revive their economies now will need to “look at the new political and economic realities without tainted glasses.”

Taiwan threat leaves China isolated

China’s threat to invade Taiwan, which Beijing claims as its own island, continues to antagonize the West. Beijing’s friendly ties with Moscow and neutrality over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine are other contentious issues that have put global economic collaboration at risk.

“In terms of Taiwan, rising tensions or war would lead to a seismic shift,” Pushan Dutt, professor of economics at INSEAD business school in Singapore, told DW. “Multinational companies would exit China, its export markets will get closed off and sanctions will be put in place.”

Trump-era trade tensions between Beijing and Washington have also persisted through US President Joe Biden’s administration. Tit-for-tat tariffs led to US sanctions on several Chinese companies and officials. Washington has even restricted China’s access to its semiconductor and artificial intelligence (AI) technology on national security grounds.

“The assertive foreign policy that Chinese President Xi Jinping has imposed caused the US and other Western countries to start to decouple or de-risk in their economic links with China, meaning that a key factor that had previously supported rapid growth in China is weakening,” noted Tsang.

Taiwan, the semiconductor superpower

Western policymakers are increasingly seeing China’s Belt and Road Initiative as a threat to their interests. Often dubbed the New Silk Road, the initiative is an $840 billion (€771 billion) investment in roads, bridges, ports and hospitals in more than 150 nations. Concerns are growing that the project has lured developing countries into debt traps with huge, unaffordable loans while weakening their ties with Western countries.

Last month, European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde also lamented the possible fragmentation of the global economy into rival blocs led by China and the US, warning it would harm growth and increase inflation.

 

Beijing prioritizes ‘quality growth’

Another’s reason for China’s less-than-stellar recovery is Beijing’s strategic plan to move the economy up the value chain, prioritizing quality rather than quantity of growth. These reforms, however, take time.

“China has been trying to engineer a shift from being a low-end manufacturer to becoming dominant in the industries of the future (artificial intelligence, robotics, semiconductors, etc.),” said Dutt.

As it moves away from heavy industries dominated by state-owned companies toward innovation and domestic consumption, a slowdown in growth is a “natural corollary,” he added.

Xi holding economy back

Tsang told DW that while Xi clearly wanted the Chinese economy to become more dynamic, vibrant, strong and innovative, “his policies often deliver the opposite effect.”

“With Xi tightening his hold on power and not admitting to mistakes, it is practically impossible for technocrats in China to make the necessary adjustments to revitalize the economy,” Tsang added.

At the same time, the IMF has predicted that China will continue to be the largest driver of global economic growth over the next five years, contributing some 22.6% of total world growth, compared with just 11.3% for the United States.

While slowing Western demand will continue to negatively impact Chinese exports, the domestic economy still has plenty to cheer about, especially due to the pent-up demand from three years of COVID lockdowns.

“Chinese consumers have accumulated $2.6 trillion of excess savings during the pandemic, Dutt told DW. “So expect the services sector to pick up the slack in the short term.”

Edited by: Uwe Hessler

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B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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