Ugoma Adegoke is the founding director and curator of Bloom Art, Lagos. She is a creative entrepreneur, a vocal arts advocate and collector.
When people think about the repatriation of art and artifacts, they often imagine it to be about big contentious items, things that were probably looted during colonial times — the Benin Bronzes for instance, or ceremonial items that belonged to the Igbo people in southern Nigeria.
But repatriation is first and foremost about returning items of significance to their homes. In the small arts community we have in Nigeria, private ownership is crucial: private collections serve as quasi museums, and collectors are custodians that can ensure art will remain here in the long term.
What I strive for, what I really want to see happen, is for Nigerians to fall in love again with Nigeria through its art. I believe that once that appreciation and understanding of the culture is regained, we will have a lot to protect and fight for, and also more to invest in developing ourselves. Once emotional or even psychological value is attached to something, what follows is financial value, and then we start to see things flourish.
Detail of “Elephant and Palm Wine Tapper” (1988) by Twins Seven Seven Credit: Bloom Art by Ugoma Adegoke
In 2014 I was approached by a dealer in London who didn’t know what to do with a collection that had been presented to him. He knew about my interest in elevating my country’s art both globally and within the country itself, and I was immediately intrigued by his proposition. There was a significant private collection of Nigerian art, belonging to a German expatriate who had worked in Nigeria in the 1970s and ’80s, and who had brought the art back with him to Europe.
His children knew how much Nigeria had meant to their father, so they had decided not to auction the pieces individually. And he really must have loved Nigeria because he had purchased 45 pieces of art during his time there — 30 years later, they were still in excellent condition.
My first job was to find the right collector. Nigerian art has come ahead in leaps and bounds, but even six years ago there was just a handful of collectors who believed that art was worth spending significant amounts of money on, let alone buying so many pieces at one time. I can confidently say that, at the time, a sale of Nigerian art of this magnitude had never happened before on a private level. No private collector had had the opportunity to access and purchase a sizable collection from the West to bring back home.
Detail of “On The Way to Babel” (1982) by Boniface Okafor Credit: Bloom Art by Ugoma Adegoke
As for the collection itself, it was all art that had been done from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. Many of the artists had trained at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, the first indigenous and autonomous Nigerian university, which had an esteemed art program. Sculptor El Anatsui, and the modernist Uche Okeke are two such artists. There were also quite a few works by artists associated with the famous post-independence Oshogbo school of the 1960s, including the esteemed artist and musician Twins Seven Seven.
Others in the collection included hugely influential teacher, poet and painter Obiora Udechukwu, sculptor, painter and printmaker Bruce Onobrakpeya and watercolorist Tayo Adenaike.
I was impressed by the original collector’s vision, and it reminded me of how patronage can get the ball rolling for an artist on the path to greatness.
Gallerist and art advocate Ugoma Adegoke
Because of what I do, I engage a lot with wealthy Nigerians who have chosen to invest in art — rather than planes, watches or houses. And a collector is not someone who buys on a whim, a collector is someone who has made art their altar.
Once I had found a handful of potential buyers, I talked to them about what the acquisition would mean. I explained that they would be enabling Nigerian art, making a small part of history happen. In the end my convincing — my emotional blackmail! — about how they needed to do this for Nigeria paid off. I found the right collector. I was happy because I knew the work was going to a good place and to someone who loves their culture.
Detail of “Portrait of a Painter” (1985) by Obiora Udechukwu Credit: Bloom Art by Ugoma Adegoke
As far as other options, I had looked into the possibility of a commercial gallery purchasing the collection, but there wasn’t one that had the space or the financial ability to keep the work together. If a museum had come along with the same passion and respect that had driven the original collector, and could ensure the art would be protected long after my death, I would have been willing, but this did not happen. Unless you can find such a commitment from an institution, a private collector who will be considerate of handling, storage, context, deepening provenance and other safe-keeping, and who will generously lend out and share the work to be viewed by others, is best.
About two years after the sale, the collector was asked to lend out his work for an exhibition that he’d asked me to curate. Mixed-media artist Ndidi Dike, whose work is in the collection, attended the opening. Over the years she has exhibited internationally, but when she saw an early work of hers — her degree piece! — she was amazed. She never thought she’d see it again.
Detail of “The Dance” (1984) by Ndidi Dike Credit: Bloom Art by Ugoma Adegoke
Private repatriation is one step of a thousand. It’s one step toward reuniting Nigerians with the totems of our culture, our creative sophistication. But it’s not just about finding the highest bidder. Five people may have the same access to significant wealth, but that doesn’t mean they share the same passion and sense of responsibility.
In this case we successfully moved the work into the care of a loving and responsible patron who is interested in being a custodian of Nigerian art, culture and history, and making the art accessible. It is this type of collector that helps in the wider debate for repatriation — in all of its forms.
Top image: detail of “Polo Player” (1984) by Isola Akande
LONDON (AP) — With a few daubs of a paintbrush, the Brontë sisters have got their dots back.
More than eight decades after it was installed, a memorial to the three 19th-century sibling novelists in London’s Westminster Abbey was amended Thursday to restore the diaereses – the two dots over the e in their surname.
The dots — which indicate that the name is pronounced “brontay” rather than “bront” — were omitted when the stone tablet commemorating Charlotte, Emily and Anne was erected in the abbey’s Poets’ Corner in October 1939, just after the outbreak of World War II.
They were restored after Brontë historian Sharon Wright, editor of the Brontë Society Gazette, raised the issue with Dean of Westminster David Hoyle. The abbey asked its stonemason to tap in the dots and its conservator to paint them.
“There’s no paper record for anyone complaining about this or mentioning this, so I just wanted to put it right, really,” Wright said. “These three Yorkshire women deserve their place here, but they also deserve to have their name spelled correctly.”
It’s believed the writers’ Irish father Patrick changed the spelling of his surname from Brunty or Prunty when he went to university in England.
Raised on the wild Yorkshire moors, all three sisters died before they were 40, leaving enduring novels including Charlotte’s “Jane Eyre,” Emily’s “Wuthering Heights” and Anne’s “The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.”
Rebecca Yorke, director of the Brontë Society, welcomed the restoration.
“As the Brontës and their work are loved and respected all over the world, it’s entirely appropriate that their name is spelled correctly on their memorial,” she said.
In a case that has sent shockwaves through the Vancouver Island art community, a local art dealer has been charged with one count of fraud over $5,000. Calvin Lucyshyn, the former operator of the now-closed Winchester Galleries in Oak Bay, faces the charge after police seized hundreds of artworks, valued in the tens of millions of dollars, from various storage sites in the Greater Victoria area.
Alleged Fraud Scheme
Police allege that Lucyshyn had been taking valuable art from members of the public under the guise of appraising or consigning the pieces for sale, only to cut off all communication with the owners. This investigation began in April 2022, when police received a complaint from an individual who had provided four paintings to Lucyshyn, including three works by renowned British Columbia artist Emily Carr, and had not received any updates on their sale.
Further investigation by the Saanich Police Department revealed that this was not an isolated incident. Detectives found other alleged victims who had similar experiences with Winchester Galleries, leading police to execute search warrants at three separate storage locations across Greater Victoria.
Massive Seizure of Artworks
In what has become one of the largest art fraud investigations in recent Canadian history, authorities seized approximately 1,100 pieces of art, including more than 600 pieces from a storage site in Saanich, over 300 in Langford, and more than 100 in Oak Bay. Some of the more valuable pieces, according to police, were estimated to be worth $85,000 each.
Lucyshyn was arrested on April 21, 2022, but was later released from custody. In May 2024, a fraud charge was formally laid against him.
Artwork Returned, but Some Remain Unclaimed
In a statement released on Monday, the Saanich Police Department confirmed that 1,050 of the seized artworks have been returned to their rightful owners. However, several pieces remain unclaimed, and police continue their efforts to track down the owners of these works.
Court Proceedings Ongoing
The criminal charge against Lucyshyn has not yet been tested in court, and he has publicly stated his intention to defend himself against any pending allegations. His next court appearance is scheduled for September 10, 2024.
Impact on the Local Art Community
The news of Lucyshyn’s alleged fraud has deeply affected Vancouver Island’s art community, particularly collectors, galleries, and artists who may have been impacted by the gallery’s operations. With high-value pieces from artists like Emily Carr involved, the case underscores the vulnerabilities that can exist in art transactions.
For many art collectors, the investigation has raised concerns about the potential for fraud in the art world, particularly when it comes to dealing with private galleries and dealers. The seizure of such a vast collection of artworks has also led to questions about the management and oversight of valuable art pieces, as well as the importance of transparency and trust in the industry.
As the case continues to unfold in court, it will likely serve as a cautionary tale for collectors and galleries alike, highlighting the need for due diligence in the sale and appraisal of high-value artworks.
While much of the seized artwork has been returned, the full scale of the alleged fraud is still being unraveled. Lucyshyn’s upcoming court appearances will be closely watched, not only by the legal community but also by the wider art world, as it navigates the fallout from one of Canada’s most significant art fraud cases in recent memory.
Art collectors and individuals who believe they may have been affected by this case are encouraged to contact the Saanich Police Department to inquire about any unclaimed pieces. Additionally, the case serves as a reminder for anyone involved in high-value art transactions to work with reputable dealers and to keep thorough documentation of all transactions.
As with any investment, whether in art or other ventures, it is crucial to be cautious and informed. Art fraud can devastate personal collections and finances, but by taking steps to verify authenticity, provenance, and the reputation of dealers, collectors can help safeguard their valuable pieces.
