The majority of Canadians have caught COVID-19 since Omicron and its highly contagious subvariants triggered enormous waves of infection this year — with new estimates suggesting almost two-thirds of the population have had it.
Researchers in British Columbia analyzed close to 14,000 blood samples in the Lower Mainland throughout the pandemic to track antibody levels in the general population, and found a massive shift in the number of infections in the past few months.
The B.C. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (BCCDC) and University of British Columbia team previously found almost half previously had COVID as of April, but their new data suggests that number continued to skyrocket into the spring and summer.
The findings were published in a preprint study co-authored by B.C. Provincial Health Officer Dr. Bonnie Henry this week, which has not yet been peer reviewed, that found more than 60 per cent of the overall population had antibodies from prior infection by August.
“It really shows us the change that we saw, particularly when Omicron came … what we’re seeing now is that people may have an infection on top of being vaccinated and that has led to a level of potential immunity,” Henry told CBC News.
“We don’t know how much antibody you actually have to have to be protected, but it does give us a good sense that we have a very high level of population protection against this virus now.”
WATCH | Kids return to school with minimal COVID-19 restrictions:
Kids head back to school with minimal COVID-19 restrictions
8 days ago
Duration 2:05
Kids in B.C. and much of Ontario are returning to class with some of the lightest COVID-19 restrictions in three years. It has families filled with a mix of excitement and anxiety.
The data is also broken down by age groups and found the highest level of infections by far were in Canadians under 19, with at least 70 to 80 per cent of youth now showing evidence of prior infection — compared to about two-thirds as of April.
But adults are also seeing an increase in COVID, with at least 60 to 70 per cent of those aged 20 to 59 years old now showing evidence of previous infection, and about 40 per cent of Canadians over 60 — up from just 15 per cent as of March.
“What we observed is that children currently appear to be the most infected and least vaccinated, whereas elderly adults remain the most vaccinated and least infected,” said Dr. Danuta Skowronski, epidemiology lead at the BCCDC and lead investigator of the research.
“The main takeaway for me and my colleagues from this most recent update is that the elderly are particularly now reliant on vaccine-induced protection alone as we enter the fall of 2022, and so they should remain the priority for additional booster doses.”
The data shows huge surges of infections after Omicron landed in Canada in late 2021 and raises new questions about what that level of population immunity means for the future as updated vaccines begin to roll out across the country targeting the highly contagious strain.
“We’re in a completely different place than we were even a year ago, but particularly from the beginning of the pandemic,” Henry said.
“So what that tells me is that there are very few people now who are at extreme risk like they were early on when we didn’t have any immunity at all in anybody — and we need to pay attention to that.”
Data shows adults are also seeing an increase in infections. At least 60 to 70 per cent of those aged 20 to 59 are now showing evidence of previous COVID, and about 40 per cent of Canadians over 60 — up from just 15 per cent as of March. (Ben Nelms/CBC)
‘Good news and bad news’
The research also coincides with national data from the federal government’s COVID-19 Immunity Task Force that suggests close to 60 per cent of Canadians from coast to coast had been previously infected up to July — a massive increase over the past year.
The task force also released new surveillance data Monday from Canada Blood Services that showed an increase in COVID infections among more than 30,000 Canadians who donated blood in July — jumping from 50 to 54 per cent across all age groups.
But in younger age groups that rate was much higher, particularly among those 17 to 24 who had a rate of prior infection at more than 71 per cent.
“It’s good news and bad news,” said Dr. David Naylor, who led the federal inquiry into Canada’s national response to the 2003 SARS epidemic and now co-chairs the federal government’s COVID-19 Immunity Task Force.
“The upside is that there is a lot of background immunity arising from vaccines and past infection,” he said, noting that the combined “hybrid immunity” should help limit the impact of COVID as classes move indoors and in-person work returns.
“That said, the growth in hybrid immunity is a decidedly mixed blessing. It signals substantial ongoing spread of [the virus]. That in turn means more people with post-COVID symptoms of variable severity and duration.”
Experts are cautiously optimistic that updated ‘bivalent’ vaccines, which target both the original virus and the first Omicron variant, BA.1, will provide protection against further spread — but their impact has yet to be seen in the real world. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press)
Naylor said that while most infections are mild, many people can be “laid up for days” recovering, and COVID continues to play a role in a substantial number of deaths among the most vulnerable — a toll that is likely to rise during the move into fall and winter.
“We obviously don’t want anyone to get COVID-19, and the whole goal is to reduce the risk of infection and reduce the frequency of infections,” said Dr. Isaac Bogoch, an infectious diseases physician at Toronto General Hospital.
“But in the same breath, we can’t ignore the protective benefit that recovery from infection provides people, especially when it’s in the context of vaccination as well.”
Bogoch said that underlying immunity in the population not only provides individual-level protection, but also given that so many people have been infected and recovered from COVID — it also adds to community level protection as well.
“We now have this baseline level of immunity in the population that protects everybody, it protects those people who don’t mount a good response to the vaccine as well,” Henry said. “So people who are really susceptible to severe illness are much, much reduced now.”
High level of infection, vaccination a ‘silver lining’
How this evolving population immunity holds up against future possible surges of COVID remains to be seen, but the fact remains that there are many vulnerable groups that are still at increased risk and should be prioritized for additional vaccinations.
“We know who’s more vulnerable to COVID. Obviously, we know it’s older individuals, we know it’s people with underlying medical conditions that put them at greater risk,” Bogoch said, noting that lower income and racialized communities are also disproportionately affected.
“So many people were infected over the last six months, when you add that to high levels of vaccination, at least with first and second doses — there’s room for improvement on booster doses … but we do have some significant community level protection.”
Skowronski said the findings have important implications on where future boosters are prioritized — with older Canadians, immunocompromised and other vulnerable groups being the prime concern.
“Superimposing that Omicron infection boost on top of an already highly vaccinated population is contributing to more robust hybrid immunity and that is indeed a silver lining. It puts us in a much better position going into potential further waves,” she said.
“And this is why I say the sense of urgency related to additional booster doses can be eased for the majority of the population that has accumulated now that combination of vaccine and infection-induced exposures contributing to hybrid immunity.”
Bogoch says he’s “cautiously optimistic” that updated “bivalent” vaccines, which target both the original virus and the first Omicron variant, BA.1, will provide some long-lasting protection against further spread of the virus — but their impact has yet to be seen in the real world.
“Having said that, I’d rather have a vaccine that is more closely tailored to the circulating virus now, than not, but I don’t know what the durability of protection will be,” he said.
“And quite frankly, even the old vaccine has very durable protection against severe infection, hospitalization and death. It does, it stands up over time, it’s fantastic. And hopefully we’ll retain that protection against severe infection and regain some durable protection against infection.”
Henry said that vaccination has made a “massive difference” in Canada, and despite the fact that we’ve seen high levels of COVID infection and transmission — the situation has changed dramatically.
“I think it’s a hard concept, because we spent a lot of time telling people getting COVID is really, really bad,” she said, adding that is especially true for immunocompromised Canadians and other vulnerable groups.
“Now, because so many people have been vaccinated and we have this hybrid immunity in so many people, it really reduces the risk to everybody around us.”
WINNIPEG – Some 250 coloured tacks pepper a large-scale world map among bookshelves at Whodunit Mystery Bookstore.
Estonia, Finland, Japan and even Fenwick, Ont., have pins representing places outside Winnipeg where someone has ordered a page-turner from the independent bookstore that specializes in mystery and crime fiction novels.
For 30 years, the store has been offering fans of Agatha Christie’s Hercule Poirot or Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes a place to get lost in whodunits both old and new.
Jack and Wendy Bumsted bought the shop in the Crescentwood neighbourhood in 2007 from another pair of mystery lovers.
The married couple had been longtime customers of the store. Wendy Bumsted grew up reading Perry Mason novels while her husband was a historian with vast knowledge of the crime fiction genre.
At the time, Jack Bumsted was retiring from teaching at the University of Manitoba when he was looking for his next venture.
“The bookstore came up and we bought it, I think, within a week,” Wendy Bumsted said in an interview.
“It never didn’t seem like a good idea.”
In the years since the Bumsteds took ownership, the family has witnessed the decline in mail-order books, the introduction of online retailers, a relocation to a new space next to the original, a pandemic and the death of beloved co-owner Jack Bumsted in 2020.
But with all the changes that come with owning a small business, customers continue to trust their next mystery fix will come from one of the shelves at Whodunit.
Many still request to be called about books from specific authors, or want to be notified if a new book follows their favourite format. Some arrive at the shop like clockwork each week hoping to get suggestions from Wendy Bumsted or her son on the next big hit.
“She has really excellent instincts on what we should be getting and what we should be promoting,” Micheal Bumsted said of his mother.
Wendy Bumsted suggested the store stock “Thursday Murder Club,” the debut novel from British television host Richard Osman, before it became a bestseller. They ordered more copies than other bookstores in Canada knowing it had the potential to be a hit, said Michael Bumsted.
The store houses more than 18,000 new and used novels. That’s not including the boxes of books that sit in Wendy Bumsted’s tiny office, or the packages that take up space on some of the only available seating there, waiting to be added to the inventory.
Just as the genre has evolved, so has the Bumsteds’ willingness to welcome other subjects on their shelves — despite some pushback from loyal customers and initially the Bumsted patriarch.
For years, Jack Bumsted refused to sell anything outside the crime fiction genre, including his own published books. Instead, he would send potential buyers to another store, but would offer to sign the books if they came back with them.
Wendy Bumsted said that eventually changed in his later years.
Now, about 15 per cent of the store’s stock is of other genres, such as romance or children’s books.
The COVID-19 pandemic forced them to look at expanding their selection, as some customers turned to buying books through the store’s website, which is set up to allow purchasers to get anything from the publishers the Bumsteds have contracts with.
In 2019, the store sold fewer than 100 books online. That number jumped to more than 3,000 in 2020, as retailers had to deal with pandemic lockdowns.
After years of running a successful mail-order business, the store was able to quickly adapt when it had to temporarily shut its doors, said Michael Bumsted.
“We were not a store…that had to figure out how to get books to people when they weren’t here.”
He added being a community bookstore with a niche has helped the family stay in business when other retailers have struggled. Part of that has included building lasting relationships.
“Some people have put it in their wills that their books will come to us,” said Wendy Bumsted.
Some of those collections have included tips on traveling through Asia in the early 2000s or the history of Australian cricket.
Micheal Bumsted said they’ve had to learn to be patient with selling some of these more obscure titles, but eventually the time comes for them to find a new home.
“One of the great things about physical books is that they can be there for you when you are ready for them.”
This report by The Canadian Press was first published on Sept. 15, 2024.
MONTREAL – Canada’s labour minister is praising both Air Canada and the union representing about 5,200 of its pilots for averting a work stoppage that would have disrupted travel for hundreds of thousands of passengers.
Steven MacKinnon’s comments came in a statement shared to social media shortly after Canada’s largest air carrier announced it had reached a tentative labour deal with the Air Line Pilots Association.
MacKinnon thanked both sides and federal mediators, saying the airline and its pilots approached negotiations with “seriousness and a resolve to get a deal.”
The tentative agreement averts a strike or lockout that could have begun as early as Wednesday for Air Canada and Air Canada Rouge, with flight cancellations expected before then.
The airline now says flights will continue as normal while union members vote on the tentative four-year contract.
Air Canada had called on the federal government to intervene in the dispute, but Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Friday that would only happen if it became clear no negotiated agreement was possible.
This report from The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 15, 2024.
When it comes to plant-based alternatives, Canadians have never had so many options — and nowhere is that choice more abundantly clear than in the milk section of the dairy aisle.
To meet growing demand, companies are investing in new products and technology to keep up with consumer tastes and differentiate themselves from all the other players on the shelf.
“The product mix has just expanded so fast,” said Liza Amlani, co-founder of the Retail Strategy Group.
She said younger generations in particular are driving growth in the plant-based market as they are consuming less dairy and meat.
Commercial sales of dairy milk have been weakening for years, according to research firm Mintel, likely in part because of the rise of plant-based alternatives — even though many Canadians still drink dairy.
The No. 1 reason people opt for plant-based milk is because they see it as healthier than dairy, said Joel Gregoire, Mintel’s associate director for food and drink.
“Plant-based milk, the one thing about it — it’s not new. It’s been around for quite some time. It’s pretty established,” said Gregoire.
Because of that, it serves as an “entry point” for many consumers interested in plant-based alternatives to animal products, he said.
Plant-based milk consumption is expected to continue growing in the coming years, according to Mintel research, with more options available than ever and more consumers opting for a diet that includes both dairy and non-dairy milk.
A 2023 report by Ernst & Young for Protein Industries Canada projected that the plant-based dairy market will reach US$51.3 billion in 2035, at a compound annual growth rate of 9.5 per cent.
Because of this growth opportunity, even well-established dairy or plant-based companies are stepping up their game.
It’s been more than three decades since Saint-Hyacinthe, Que.-based Natura first launched a line of soy beverages. Over the years, the company has rolled out new products to meet rising demand, and earlier this year launched a line of oat beverages that it says are the only ones with a stamp of approval from Celiac Canada.
Competition is tough, said owner and founder Nick Feldman — especially from large American brands, which have the money to ensure their products hit shelves across the country.
Natura has kept growing, though, with a focus on using organic ingredients and localized production from raw materials.
“We’re maybe not appealing to the mass market, but we’re appealing to the natural consumer, to the organic consumer,” Feldman said.
Amlani said brands are increasingly advertising the simplicity of their ingredient lists. She’s also noticing more companies offering different kinds of products, such as coffee creamers.
Companies are also looking to stand out through eye-catching packaging and marketing, added Amlani, and by competing on price.
Besides all the companies competing for shelf space, there are many different kinds of plant-based milk consumers can choose from, such as almond, soy, oat, rice, hazelnut, macadamia, pea, coconut and hemp.
However, one alternative in particular has enjoyed a recent, rapid ascendance in popularity.
“I would say oat is the big up-and-coming product,” said Feldman.
Mintel’s report found the share of Canadians who say they buy oat milk has quadrupled between 2019 and 2023 (though almond is still the most popular).
“There seems to be a very nice marriage of coffee and oat milk,” said Feldman. “The flavour combination is excellent, better than any other non-dairy alternative.”
The beverage’s surge in popularity in cafés is a big part of why it’s ascending so quickly, said Gregoire — its texture and ability to froth makes it a good alternative for lattes and cappuccinos.
It’s also a good example of companies making a strong “use case” for yet another new entrant in a competitive market, he said.
Amid the long-standing brands and new entrants, there’s another — perhaps unexpected — group of players that has been increasingly investing in plant-based milk alternatives: dairy companies.
For example, Danone has owned the Silk and So Delicious brands since an acquisition in 2014, and long-standing U.S. dairy company HP Hood LLC launched Planet Oat in 2018.
Lactalis Canada also recently converted its facility in Sudbury, Ont., to manufacture its new plant-based Enjoy! brand, with beverages made from oats, almonds and hazelnuts.
“As an organization, we obviously follow consumer trends, and have seen the amount of interest in plant-based products, particularly fluid beverages,” said Mark Taylor, president and CEO of Lactalis Canada, whose parent company Lactalis is the largest dairy products company in the world.
The facility was a milk processing plant for six decades, until Lactalis Canada began renovating it in 2022. It now manufactures not only the new brand, but also the company’s existing Sensational Soy brand, and is the company’s first dedicated plant-based facility.
“We’re predominantly a dairy company, and we’ll always predominantly be a dairy company, but we see these products as complementary,” said Taylor.
It makes sense that major dairy companies want to get in on plant-based milk, said Gregoire. The dairy business is large — a “cash cow,” if you will — but not really growing, while plant-based products are seeing a boom.
“If I’m looking for avenues of growth, I don’t want to be left behind,” he said.
Gregoire said there’s a potential for consumers to get confused with so many options, which is why it’s so important for brands to find a way to differentiate themselves, whether it’s with taste, health, or how well the drink froths for a latte.
Competition in a more crowded market is challenging, but Taylor believes it results in better products for consumers.
“It keeps you sharp, and it forces you to be really good at what you’re doing. It drives innovation,” he said.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 15, 2024.
