adplus-dvertising
Connect with us

Science

Perseverance: Nasa Mars rover to lay down rocks for Earth return

Published

 on

NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

The American space agency’s Mars rover Perseverance will this week begin dropping samples of rock on to the surface of the Red Planet.

The materials have been packaged in small titanium tubes with the expectation they can be picked up by a future mission and brought home.

It’s a major milestone in the quest to find out whether there is life on Mars.

It’s thought only by studying rock and soil samples in Earth laboratories can the matter be resolved.

Perseverance will place 10 cylinders on the ground at its exploration site in Jezero Crater.

They contain a mix of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that the robot has drilled over the past 15 months.

There’ll also be examples of Martian soil and air.

The first finger-sized tube should be in position on Tuesday or Wednesday.

 

Map

 

The location for the drop is a flat piece of terrain that’s been nicknamed “Three Forks”.

“The surface is like a pool table – really boring,” observed Nasa’s chief Mars scientist, Mike Meyer.

This will make it easier for a future mission to land and recover the store.

To be clear, the collection being laid down over the next few weeks will not form the primary return cache; it’s more of a “Plan B”.

Perseverance will retain copies of the samples with the hope it can directly deliver them – and others yet to be drilled – to the mission that comes to take them home. But Nasa can’t risk the scenario where the rover breaks down with all the rocks stuck inside it.

 

Three forks

NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

The Three Forks depot is critical, therefore, “because it guarantees that a scientifically high-value sample collection will be available for Earth return in case Perseverance is unable to deliver for any reason,” explained mission scientist Meenakshi Wadhwa from Arizona State University.

“It builds robustness into our Mars sample return plans,” she told reporters.

If the nightmare happens and Perseverance dies, the fetch mission will be directed straight to Three Forks.

It will have two drones equipped with claws to grab the tubes and take them to the rocket system that will then blast them off Mars for the journey home.

This video can not be played

To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser.

Scientists believe the depot samples offer a good range of analytical opportunities.

The volcanic rocks will tell them about the age of Jezero Crater and the broader geological history of Mars.

The sedimentary rocks are the ones that will have the greatest interest in trying to identify traces of ancient biology.

Perseverance drilled these from the remnant delta deposits in Jezero.

A delta is a structure built up from the silt and sand dumped by a river as it slows on entry into a wider body of water.

It’s the kind of feature that might just have trapped evidence of past microbial organisms.

 

Sedimentary layers

NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

Lori Glaze, the director of planetary science at Nasa, said the life question could only be addressed using the sophisticated techniques that were available on Earth.

“We can do a lot in situ with our remote-sensing instruments but we can’t take all of our laboratory equipment and all of our human expertise to the surface of Mars. So we bring the samples back here, and then we can not only use all of our state of the art equipment but we’ll have those samples for decades and we can come up with new ideas [to test the samples that] we haven’t even dreamed of yet,” she told BBC News.

It will take just over a month to lay down the store. The tubes will be placed about 6m apart from each other in a zig-zag pattern. Their exact positions will then be photographed and catalogued.

 

Artwork: Mars sample return helicopter

NASA

Once this task is complete, Perseverance and its scout helicopter, Ingenuity, will climb up on to the top of the delta to start the next phase of their mission.

The rover still has more than 20 unused sample tubes on board, ready to be filled with other interesting rocks.

A sample-retrieval mission comprising a landing platform, helicopters, a robotic arm and a return rocket is likely to leave Earth for Mars in mid-2028, with a roughly two-year cruise time.

The sample tubes it acquires – either from the Three Forks store or directly from Perseverance at another location – would arrive back on Earth in 2033.

The project is a joint venture with the European Space Agency. The plan was discussed at last week’s American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting.

Source link

Continue Reading

Science

The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

Published

 on

 

NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

Source link

Continue Reading

News

The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

Published

 on

 

TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

Source link

Continue Reading

News

B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

Published

 on

 

VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

Source link

Continue Reading

Trending