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Why even just a little alcohol is a risk

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With alcohol-related deaths at an all-time high in Canada, and mounting pressure to put cancer warnings on alcohol containers, Canadians have questions about the specifics after a drastic shift in messaging.

In one fell swoop, an expert group has shifted the safe drinking range from 10 to 15 drinks per week, depending if you are a man or a woman, to fewer than two. Even small amounts of alcohol are now linked to up to nine kinds of cancer, according to the Canadian Cancer Society.

That has some Canadians pointing to aged lifelong drinkers in their family with consternation.

Dozens of people wrote to CBC News asking just how many and which drinks are a danger and why cancer does not affect all big drinkers.

Dr. Tim Naimi, a physician and the director of the University of Victoria’s Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, understands the confusion.

“We understand that there’s going to be anxiety,” he said. “A lot of people really, really enjoy drinking alcohol.”

A shopping cart full of bottles in a BC liquor store in August of 2022.
A shopping cart full of bottles at a B.C. liquor store in Vancouver in August 2022. Dozens of people have written to CBC News with questions about the new alcohol consumption guidelines. (Darryl Dyck/The Canadian Press)

Naimi says alcohol needs clearer labels so drinkers know what they are ingesting and understand the risks.

The Boston native said he is surprised that Canadian alcohol does not even report sugar levels, much less cancer risks, despite the fact that booze is “an intoxicating, addictive, carcinogenic thing that kills lots of people.”

He believes it’s related to the focus on alcohol revenue over safety.

“A can of peas in a supermarket has information about how much magnesium or calcium is in the peas, and those aren’t even toxic carcinogenic products,” said Naimi.

He said ingesting two standard servings with 14 grams of ethanol — the chemical name for alcohol — per week is OK, but after that health risks increase.

How does alcohol affect the human body?

The journey of alcohol through the human system is explained in an alert issued by The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). When a human drinks alcohol, the body works to process and eliminate it.

Enzymes help break apart the ethanol molecule into other compounds that the body can process, but some intermediate steps can damage the body.

Alcohol is metabolized by the brain, the stomach and the pancreas — but mostly by the liver. This organ converts alcohol into a short-lived but toxic compound — acetaldehyde, a known carcinogen — which is then broken down into a less toxic compound. But the speed at which that happens depends on many factors, including metabolism rates.

The body can only metabolize a certain amount of alcohol every hour, and that amount varies depending on factors that include the liver size, body mass and enzymes in the human body. Some people can break down alcohol faster than others.

The new guidelines

Experts who launched updated guidance on alcohol and health say people deserve to know the current facts about drinking alcohol — given new research that’s emerged linking booze to cancer and heart issues since 2011.

Peter Butt, associate professor at the College of Medicine at the University of Saskatchewan, and co-chair of Canada’s Guidance on Alcohol and Health, says Canada is actually following the lead of other countries such as Australia, France and the U.K. and U.S., which have already updated their guidelines. He says alcohol has gotten a “free ride” when it comes to safety labelling for too long.

A pile of booze bottles litters a Vancouver park site on the grass.
Garbage and recyclables are pictured near Sunset Beach in Vancouver on June 27, 2022. Peter Butt, co-chair of Canada’s Guidance on Alcohol and Health, says alcohol has gotten a ;free ride’ when it comes to safety labelling for too long in Canada. (Ben Nelms/CBC)

“We certainly have a problem, and it’s hiding in plain sight. So this is why we want to shine light on it, provide information to Canadians so that they can make better informed decisions. They have a right to know,” said Butt.

And the cancer risk related to alcohol can be higher depending on genetic factors.

“We’re presenting this information based upon population health data, but if a person has a family history of breast cancer or indeed a personal history of breast or [gastrointestinal] cancer, they would be well advised to think very, very carefully about whether or not they want to engage with alcohol at all,” Butt said.

Cancer risks understated for years

Elizabeth Holmes, senior manager of health policy at the Canadian Cancer Society, says drinking any kinds of alcohol hikes the risk for cancers, including those of the head, neck, breast, colorectal, esophageal, liver, stomach and pancreas.

“Drinking any type or amount of alcohol — so that’s beer, wine and spirits — increases your risk for at least nine different types of cancer,” said Holmes.

“It is the ethanol that is increasing your cancer risk.”

The International Agency for Research on Cancer notes that some heavy drinkers never develop cancer while some moderate drinkers do, in part because the very genes that protect some people against alcoholism are now thought to make some humans more vulnerable to alcohol’s carcinogenic effects.

Canada’s alcohol-related deaths hit highs not seen in 20 years and kept rising during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Statistics Canada, with a record 3,875 in 2021.

New U.S. research shows excessive alcohol use caused about 140,000 deaths per year in the United States between 2015 and 2019. About 60 per cent of those deaths were caused by chronic conditions attributed to alcohol, such as liver disease, cancer and heart disease, according to the New York Times.

The number of Canadian alcohol-related deaths is less than tobacco-related deaths — estimated at 48,000 per year, according to the Canada Gazette.

“The relative risk or the likelihood of tobacco increasing cancer risk, it’s higher. Tobacco is linked with more cancer types, 16 compared to nine,” said Holmes.

Cost of alcohol abuse cost Canada $16B in 2017

But the overall cost of alcohol abuse to Canadian society is the highest of any substance abuse. It cost Canada $4 billion in 2017 — or about $1,258 per person, according to Butt, citing the Canadian Substance Abuse Cost and Harms Report.

“When you look at the costs and harms of each particular substance in each jurisdiction. And what we find is that across the board, nationally and in every province except in the Maritimes, alcohol is number one,” he said.

Of all the legally available and oft used psychoactive substances, alcohol and tobacco accounted for 63 per cent of the costs. Alcohol use alone cost Canada the most at $16.6 billion (36.2 per cent), about $12.3 billion (26.7 per cent) with other substances combined making up the remainder.

Butt says a lot of alcohol-related costs — such as trauma and heart disease — are not even part of the current tabulation.

“People are reflecting very deeply about this,” said Butt.

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Tua Tagovailoa sustains concussion after hitting head on turf in Dolphins’ loss to Bills

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MIAMI GARDENS, Fla. (AP) — Miami Dolphins quarterback Tua Tagovailoa sustained a concussion for the third time in his NFL career, leaving his team’s game Thursday night against Buffalo after running into defensive back Damar Hamlin and hitting the back of his head against the turf.

Tagovailoa remained down for about two minutes before getting to his feet and walking to the sideline after the play in the third quarter. He made his way to the tunnel not long afterward, looking into the stands before smiling and departing toward the locker room.

The Dolphins needed almost no time before announcing it was a concussion. The team said he had two during the 2022 season, and Tagovailoa was diagnosed with another concussion when he was a college player at Alabama.

Dolphins coach Mike McDaniel said Tagovailoa would get “proper procedural evaluation” and “appropriate care” on Friday.

“The furthest thing from my mind is, ‘What is the timeline?’ We just need to evaluate and just worry about my teammate, like the rest of the guys are,” McDaniel said. “We’ll get more information tomorrow and take it day by day from here.”

Some players saw Tagovailoa in the locker room after the game and said they were encouraged. Tagovailoa spoke with some players and then went home after the game, McDaniel said.

“I have a lot of love for Tua, built a great relationship with him,” said quarterback Skylar Thompson, who replaced Tagovailoa after the injury. “You care about the person more than the player and everybody in the organization would say the same thing. Just really praying for Tua and hopefully everything will come out all right.”

Tagovailoa signed a four-year, $212 million extension before this season — a deal that makes him one of the highest-paid players in the NFL — and was the NFL’s leading passer in Week 1 this season. Tagovailoa left with the Dolphins trailing 31-10, and that was the final score.

“If you know Tua outside of football, you can’t help but feel for him,” Bills quarterback Josh Allen said on Amazon following the game. “He’s a great football player but he’s an even greater human being. He’s one of the best humans on the planet. I’ve got a lot of love for him and I’m just praying for him and his family, hoping everything’s OK. But it’s tough, man. This game of football that we play, it’s got its highs and it’s got its lows — and this is one of the lows.”

Tagovailoa’s college years and first three NFL seasons were marred by injury, though he positioned himself for a big pay bump with an injury-free and productive 2023 as he led the Dolphins into the playoffs. He threw for 29 touchdowns and a league-best 4,624 yards last year.

When, or if, he can come back this season is anyone’s guess. Tagovailoa said in April 2023 that the concussions he had in the 2022 season left him contemplating his playing future. “I think I considered it for a time,” he said then, when asked if he considered stepping away from the game to protect himself.

McDaniel said it’s not his place to say if Tagovailoa should return to football. “He’ll be evaluated and we’ll have conversations and progress as appropriate,” McDaniel said.

Tagovailoa was hurt Thursday on a fourth-down keeper with about 4:30 left in the third. He went straight ahead into Hamlin and did not slide, leading with his right shoulder instead.

Hamlin was the player who suffered a cardiac arrest after making a tackle during a Monday night game in January 2023 at Cincinnati, causing the NFL to suspend a pivotal game that quickly lost significance in the aftermath of a scary scene that unfolded in front of a national television audience.

Tagovailoa wound up on his back, both his hands in the air and Bills players immediately pointed at him as if to suggest there was an injury. Dolphins center Aaron Brewer quickly did the same, waving to the sideline.

Tagovailoa appeared to be making a fist with his right hand as he lay on the ground. It was movement consistent with something that is referred to as the “fencing response,” which can be common after a traumatic brain injury.

Tagovailoa eventually got to his feet. McDaniel grabbed the side of his quarterback’s head and gave him a kiss on the cheek as Tagovailoa departed. Thompson came into the game to take Tagovailoa’s spot.

“I love Tua on and off the football field,” Bills edge Von Miller said. “I’m a huge fan of him. I can empathize and sympathize with him because I’ve been there. I wish him the best.”

Tagovailoa’s history with concussions — and how he has since worked to avoid them — is a huge part of the story of his career, and now comes to the forefront once again.

He had at least two concussions during the 2022 season. He was hurt in a Week 3 game against Buffalo and cleared concussion protocol, though he appeared disoriented on that play but returned to the game.

The NFL later changed its concussion protocol to mandate that if a player shows possible concussion symptoms — including a lack of balance or stability — he must sit out the rest of the game.

Less than a week later, in a Thursday night game at Cincinnati, Tagovailoa was concussed on a scary hit that briefly knocked him unconscious and led to him being taken off the field on a stretcher.

His second known concussion of that season came in a December game against Green Bay, and he didn’t play for the rest of the 2022 season. After that, Tagovailoa began studying ways where he may be able to fall more safely and protect himself against further injury — including studying jiu-jitsu.

“I’m not worried about anything that’s out of my hands,” McDaniel said. “I’m just worried about the human being.”

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Too much? Many Americans feel the need to limit their political news, AP-NORC/USAFacts poll finds

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NEW YORK (AP) — When her husband turns on the television to hear news about the upcoming presidential election, that’s often a signal for Lori Johnson Malveaux to leave the room.

It can get to be too much. Often, she’ll go to a TV in another room to watch a movie on the Hallmark Channel or BET. She craves something comforting and entertaining. And in that, she has company.

While about half of Americans say they are following political news “extremely” or “very” closely, about 6 in 10 say they need to limit how much information they consume about the government and politics to avoid feeling overloaded or fatigued, according to a new survey from the Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research and USAFacts.

Make no mistake: Malveaux plans to vote. She always does. “I just get to the point where I don’t want to hear the rhetoric,” she said.

The 54-year-old Democrat said she’s most bothered when she hears people on the news telling her that something she saw with her own eyes — like the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol — didn’t really happen.

“I feel like I’m being gaslit. That’s the way to put it,” she said.

Sometimes it feels like ‘a bombardment’

Caleb Pack, 23, a Republican from Ardmore, Oklahoma, who works in IT, tries to keep informed through the news feeds on his phone, which is stocked with a variety of sources, including CNN, Fox News, The Wall Street Journal and The Associated Press.

Yet sometimes, Pack says, it seems like a bombardment.

“It’s good to know what’s going on, but both sides are pulling a little bit extreme,” he said. “It just feels like it’s a conversation piece everywhere, and it’s hard to escape it.”

Media fatigue isn’t a new phenomenon. A Pew Research Center survey conducted in late 2019 found roughly two in three Americans felt worn out by the amount of news there is, about the same as in a poll taken in early 2018. During the 2016 presidential campaign, about 6 in 10 people felt overloaded by campaign news.

But it can be particularly acute with news related to politics. The AP-NORC/USAFacts poll found that half of Americans feel a need to limit their consumption of information related to crime or overseas conflicts, while only about 4 in 10 are limiting news about the economy and jobs.

It’s easy to understand, with television outlets like CNN, Fox News Channel and MSNBC full of political talk and a wide array of political news online, sometimes complicated by disinformation.

“There’s a glut of information,” said Richard Coffin, director of research and advocacy for USAFacts, “and people are having a hard time figuring out what is true or not.”

Women are more likely to feel they need to limit media

In the AP-NORC poll, about 6 in 10 men said they follow news about elections and politics at least “very” closely, compared to about half of women. For all types of news, not just politics, women are more likely than men to report the need to limit their media consumption, the survey found.

White adults are also more likely than Black or Hispanic adults to say they need to limit media consumption on politics, the poll found.

Kaleb Aravzo, 19, a Democrat, gets a baseline of news by listening to National Public Radio in the morning at home in Logan, Utah. Too much politics, particularly when he’s on social media sites like TikTok and Instagram, can trigger anxiety and depression.

“If it pops up on my page when I’m on social media,” he said, “I’ll just scroll past it.”

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Sanders reported from Washington. David Bauder writes about media for the AP. Follow him at http://x.com/dbauder.

The AP poll of 1,019 adults was conducted July 29-August 8, 2024, using a sample drawn from NORC’s probability-based AmeriSpeak Panel, which is designed to be representative of the U.S. population. The margin of sampling error for all respondents is plus or minus 4.0 percentage points.



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A linebacker at West Virginia State is fatally shot on the eve of a game against his old school

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CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) — A linebacker at Division II West Virginia State was fatally shot during what the university said Thursday is being investigated by police as a home invasion.

The body of Jyilek Zyiare Harrington, 21, of Charlotte, North Carolina, was found inside an apartment Wednesday night in Charleston, police Lt. Tony Hazelett said in a statement.

Hazelett said several gunshots were fired during a disturbance in a hallway and inside the apartment. The statement said Harrington had multiple gunshot wounds and was pronounced dead at the scene. Police said they had no information on a possible suspect.

West Virginia State said counselors were available to students and faculty on campus.

“Our thoughts and prayers are with Jyilek’s family as they mourn the loss of this incredible young man,” West Virginia State President Ericke S. Cage said in a letter to students and faculty.

Harrington, a senior, had eight total tackles, including a sack, in a 27-24 win at Barton College last week.

“Jyilek truly embodied what it means to be a student-athlete and was a leader not only on campus but in the community,” West Virginia State Vice President of Intercollegiate Athletics Nate Burton said. “Jyilek was a young man that, during Christmas, would create a GoFundMe to help less fortunate families.”

Burton said donations to a fund established by the athletic department in Harrington’s memory will be distributed to an organization in Charlotte to continue his charity work.

West Virginia State’s home opener against Carson-Newman, originally scheduled for Thursday night, has been rescheduled to Friday, and a private vigil involving both teams was set for Thursday night. Harrington previously attended Carson-Newman, where he made seven tackles in six games last season. He began his college career at Division II Erskine College.

“Carson-Newman joins West Virginia State in mourning the untimely passing of former student-athlete Jyilek Harrington,” Carson-Newman Vice President of Athletics Matt Pope said in a statement. “The Harrington family and the Yellow Jackets’ campus community is in our prayers. News like this is sad to hear anytime, but today it feels worse with two teams who knew him coming together to play.”

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