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Only a fraction of fraud cases make it through Ontario's justice system — and it's getting worse – CBC.ca

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Ontario: yours to defraud?

In recent years, CBC Toronto has reported on a slew of alleged frauds that have upended the lives of countless victims in Ontario. The stories have covered everything from Ponzi schemes, to romance scams and fraudsters selling people’s houses out from under them.

These seemingly surging scams begged questions about how Ontario’s enforcement systems are handling fraud cases and whether they’re helping victims.

CBC Toronto went looking for answers for this investigative series, The Cost of Fraud, and discovered an overloaded justice system that is reluctant to prosecute fraud, failing to deter fraudsters and putting the onus on victims to recover their own losses if offenders refuse to pay them back as ordered.

Over the last decade, Ontario has seen fraud reports skyrocket, with just a sliver of annual reports leading to criminal charges, and nearly half of those already scant charges dropped each year. And it’s not just happening in this province — a similar drop off after the initial report can be seen in Canada-wide statistics.

“Ideally, criminality should be investigated and prosecuted and we’re simply not doing that in Canada these days with respect to the great majority of fraud,” said Peter German, president of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and former deputy commissioner of the RCMP.

“There are many $1,000,000 plus frauds that are simply not being investigated because of the resource issues.”

German, along with other police, legal and academic experts interviewed for this series, attributed issues with fraud enforcement to the nature of the resource-heavy investigations and prosecutions, a lack of specialized expertise, and prioritizing violent crime given limited capacity within a justice system facing significant backlogs.

A man sitting at a desk.
Peter German, president of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and a former deputy commissioner of the RCMP, says many frauds aren’t being investigated and prosecuted because of resource issues. (Joel Law/CBC)

“There’s a lack of political and institutional will to deal with financial crimes in a systematic and sustained way,” said Vanessa Iafolla, a fraud victim consultant and financial crime professor at Wilfrid Laurier University.

“If it bleeds it leads,” she said, noting that with fraud, “people only bleed money.”

Fraud losses of $416M reported last year

Last year Canadians reported losing about $416 million to fraud, a 55 per cent jump from the previous record-high of nearly $269 million across the country in 2021, according to the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. More than half of the losses in 2022 came from Ontario.

Those figures are especially stark considering police estimate only five to 10 per cent of frauds are ever reported. 

“The statistics are pretty alarming,” said Dorian Dwyer, a retired Ontario Provincial Police fraud detective. “It’s one of the most underreported crimes, but it’s also one of the most voluminous criminal offences occurring, and it’s forever increasing.”

Annual fraud reports to police in Ontario are on the rise according to data from Statistics Canada. There were 31,407 cases reported to police in 2010. By 2021, that number had increased by 20,000 to 51,429.

For the last decade, the number of investigations completed, or reports “cleared” by police remained steady, until 2020 when the number of cases cleared dropped.


In 2021, the number of fraud reports cleared by police only accounted for 13 per cent of the total fraud reports received that year. However, the cleared reports also include reports from previous years, so it’s likely clearance is even lower. 

“It’s a capacity issue,” said Dwyer. “Let’s face it, homicides, sexual assaults, bank robberies will always be that 911 event that’s driving police resources.” 

Elderly victims could lose their home

Still, Dwyer says the impact of fraud can be devastating. 

“You can be literally destroying a person’s life with what the courts may see as a minor fraud offence.” 

For Frank Herman and his wife — both in their 80s — the consequences of falling for a phone scam involving a fake RCMP officer could include losing their Toronto home. 

“This destroyed my trust in anything and everything,” said Herman. “They knew exactly what they were doing, except I had no idea what they were doing — I thought I was helping the law.”

WATCH | A break down of Ontario’s fraud problem and how it’s affecting victims: 

The Cost of Fraud in Ontario

5 hours ago

Duration 5:39

In part one of CBC Toronto’s investigative series, The Cost of Fraud, reporter Angelina King explains Ontario’s fraud problem. Over the last decade, the province has seen fraud reports skyrocket, with just a sliver of cases leading to criminal charges, and nearly half of those dropped each year.

In reality, Herman says fraudsters hacked into the couple’s online banking account and transferred the $150,000 maximum from their line of credit to their TD Bank chequing account. To the Hermans, the deposit made it look like the RCMP had transferred funds to their account so they could wire it to the U.K. as part of a police operation. 

The couple reported the scam to police, but since a review of their computer didn’t turn up any evidence on the fraudsters, the Hermans say an investigator told them there was nothing they could do. 

Crown often drops fraud charges   

When police are able to clear a report by laying charges in Ontario, the case is then passed to the Crown for prosecution. The number of annual decisions reached in those fraud cases has plummeted by 94 per cent — from roughly 7,419 decisions in the 2010-2011 fiscal year to just 2,688 in 2020-2011. 

Even with a declining number of decisions reached each year, nearly half of fraud cases in Ontario for most of the last decade have ended with charges being stayed or withdrawn. Except in 2020-2021, when fraud cases resulting in charges being stayed or withdrawn surpassed the number of fraud cases resulting in guilty decisions.


CBC Toronto asked Ontario’s Ministry of the Attorney General why Crown lawyers decide to stay or withdraw roughly half of fraud charges each year.

In a statement, a spokesperson told CBC Toronto that the Crown screens every charge to determine whether there’s a reasonable prospect of conviction and whether the prosecution is in the public interest.

German, of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform, argues dropped fraud charge stats like those lead police and prosecutors to question the point of taking on complex fraud cases in the first place.

“The frustration factor is, ‘Well, why do we bother if 50 per cent or so are not going to make it through the system?’ ” he said.

“And even those that do make it through the system, is the result really of significance from a deterrence perspective?”


Just 32 per cent of those convicted of fraud in Ontario in the last decade were sentenced to jail time. Of those who did get jail or prison time, 51 per cent were sentenced to one month or less. Only two per cent of fraud offenders were sentenced to two or more years in prison. 

“Once you get down the crime funnel, essentially at the end of the day, there’s not a lot of accountability for people who engage in these kinds of activities,” said Iafolla. 

That can be a tough pill to swallow for the few fraud victims whose cases make it that far — and who many experts say are treated differently by society than victims of other crimes. 

Woman sitting at a desk.
Vanessa Iafolla, a financial crime expert and fraud victim consultant says the public has an ‘absolute lack of empathy’ for fraud victims. (Paul Borkwood/CBC)

Anyone can be scammed

“There is an absolute lack of empathy for victims,” said Iafolla. “I honestly believe that there is a scam that at the right moment, anybody in their life could fall for.”

Herman never thought it could happen to him. 

The senior says he’s ignored other scam calls in the past, but in this case the fraudster knew details about the couple they assumed only the RCMP could know.

Now, TD Bank is threatening to foreclose on their condo if they don’t pay off the home equity line of credit, which is still collecting interest. 

In a statement, a TD spokesperson said “it’s concerning” when a customer falls victim to a scam, and that the bank is sorry to hear about the couple’s circumstances. 

“While our review confirmed that protection processes and policies were followed, we understand how distressing this situation must be,” said Samantha Grant. 

“What they put me through at my age, I don’t wish it on my worst enemy,” said Herman. “We don’t have that kind of money.”

Herman says the police did offer him some advice. 

“The officer told us to hire a good lawyer.”


TOMORROW: In part two of The Cost of Fraud, CBC Toronto investigates how victims often have to spend more money to try and recover funds lost to fraudsters even when the court orders offenders to pay.

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Telus prioritizing ‘most important customers,’ avoiding ‘unprofitable’ offers: CFO

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Telus Corp. says it is avoiding offering “unprofitable” discounts as fierce competition in the Canadian telecommunications sector shows no sign of slowing down.

The company said Friday it had fewer net new customers during its third quarter compared with the same time last year, as it copes with increasingly “aggressive marketing and promotional pricing” that is prompting more customers to switch providers.

Telus said it added 347,000 net new customers, down around 14.5 per cent compared with last year. The figure includes 130,000 mobile phone subscribers and 34,000 internet customers, down 30,000 and 3,000, respectively, year-over-year.

The company reported its mobile phone churn rate — a metric measuring subscribers who cancelled their services — was 1.09 per cent in the third quarter, up from 1.03 per cent in the third quarter of 2023. That included a postpaid mobile phone churn rate of 0.90 per cent in its latest quarter.

Telus said its focus is on customer retention through its “industry-leading service and network quality, along with successful promotions and bundled offerings.”

“The customers we have are the most important customers we can get,” said chief financial officer Doug French in an interview.

“We’ve, again, just continued to focus on what matters most to our customers, from a product and customer service perspective, while not loading unprofitable customers.”

Meanwhile, Telus reported its net income attributable to common shares more than doubled during its third quarter.

The telecommunications company said it earned $280 million, up 105.9 per cent from the same three-month period in 2023. Earnings per diluted share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 was 19 cents compared with nine cents a year earlier.

It reported adjusted net income was $413 million, up 10.7 per cent year-over-year from $373 million in the same quarter last year. Operating revenue and other income for the quarter was $5.1 billion, up 1.8 per cent from the previous year.

Mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.85 in the third quarter, a decrease of $2.09 or 3.4 per cent from a year ago. Telus said the drop was attributable to customers signing up for base rate plans with lower prices, along with a decline in overage and roaming revenues.

It said customers are increasingly adopting unlimited data and Canada-U.S. plans which provide higher and more stable ARPU on a monthly basis.

“In a tough operating environment and relative to peers, we view Q3 results that were in line to slightly better than forecast as the best of the bunch,” said RBC analyst Drew McReynolds in a note.

Scotiabank analyst Maher Yaghi added that “the telecom industry in Canada remains very challenging for all players, however, Telus has been able to face these pressures” and still deliver growth.

The Big 3 telecom providers — which also include Rogers Communications Inc. and BCE Inc. — have frequently stressed that the market has grown more competitive in recent years, especially after the closing of Quebecor Inc.’s purchase of Freedom Mobile in April 2023.

Hailed as a fourth national carrier, Quebecor has invested in enhancements to Freedom’s network while offering more affordable plans as part of a set of commitments it was mandated by Ottawa to agree to.

The cost of telephone services in September was down eight per cent compared with a year earlier, according to Statistics Canada’s most recent inflation report last month.

“I think competition has been and continues to be, I’d say, quite intense in Canada, and we’ve obviously had to just manage our business the way we see fit,” said French.

Asked how long that environment could last, he said that’s out of Telus’ hands.

“What I can control, though, is how we go to market and how we lead with our products,” he said.

“I think the conditions within the market will have to adjust accordingly over time. We’ve continued to focus on digitization, continued to bring our cost structure down to compete, irrespective of the price and the current market conditions.”

Still, Canada’s telecom regulator continues to warn providers about customers facing more charges on their cellphone and internet bills.

On Tuesday, CRTC vice-president of consumer, analytics and strategy Scott Hutton called on providers to ensure they clearly inform their customers of charges such as early cancellation fees.

That followed statements from the regulator in recent weeks cautioning against rising international roaming fees and “surprise” price increases being found on their bills.

Hutton said the CRTC plans to launch public consultations in the coming weeks that will focus “on ensuring that information is clear and consistent, making it easier to compare offers and switch services or providers.”

“The CRTC is concerned with recent trends, which suggest that Canadians may not be benefiting from the full protections of our codes,” he said.

“We will continue to monitor developments and will take further action if our codes are not being followed.”

French said any initiative to boost transparency is a step in the right direction.

“I can’t say we are perfect across the board, but what I can say is we are absolutely taking it under consideration and trying to be the best at communicating with our customers,” he said.

“I think everyone looking in the mirror would say there’s room for improvement.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 8, 2024.

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TC Energy cuts cost estimate for Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico

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CALGARY – TC Energy Corp. has lowered the estimated cost of its Southeast Gateway pipeline project in Mexico.

It says it now expects the project to cost between US$3.9 billion and US$4.1 billion compared with its original estimate of US$4.5 billion.

The change came as the company reported a third-quarter profit attributable to common shareholders of C$1.46 billion or $1.40 per share compared with a loss of C$197 million or 19 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

Revenue for the quarter ended Sept. 30 totalled C$4.08 billion, up from C$3.94 billion in the third quarter of 2023.

TC Energy says its comparable earnings for its latest quarter amounted to C$1.03 per share compared with C$1.00 per share a year earlier.

The average analyst estimate had been for a profit of 95 cents per share, according to LSEG Data & Analytics.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

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BCE reports Q3 loss on asset impairment charge, cuts revenue guidance

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BCE Inc. reported a loss in its latest quarter as it recorded $2.11 billion in asset impairment charges, mainly related to Bell Media’s TV and radio properties.

The company says its net loss attributable to common shareholders amounted to $1.24 billion or $1.36 per share for the quarter ended Sept. 30 compared with a profit of $640 million or 70 cents per share a year earlier.

On an adjusted basis, BCE says it earned 75 cents per share in its latest quarter compared with an adjusted profit of 81 cents per share in the same quarter last year.

“Bell’s results for the third quarter demonstrate that we are disciplined in our pursuit of profitable growth in an intensely competitive environment,” BCE chief executive Mirko Bibic said in a statement.

“Our focus this quarter, and throughout 2024, has been to attract higher-margin subscribers and reduce costs to help offset short-term revenue impacts from sustained competitive pricing pressures, slow economic growth and a media advertising market that is in transition.”

Operating revenue for the quarter totalled $5.97 billion, down from $6.08 billion in its third quarter of 2023.

BCE also said it now expects its revenue for 2024 to fall about 1.5 per cent compared with earlier guidance for an increase of zero to four per cent.

The company says the change comes as it faces lower-than-anticipated wireless product revenue and sustained pressure on wireless prices.

BCE added 33,111 net postpaid mobile phone subscribers, down 76.8 per cent from the same period last year, which was the company’s second-best performance on the metric since 2010.

It says the drop was driven by higher customer churn — a measure of subscribers who cancelled their service — amid greater competitive activity and promotional offer intensity. BCE’s monthly churn rate for the category was 1.28 per cent, up from 1.1 per cent during its previous third quarter.

The company also saw 11.6 per cent fewer gross subscriber activations “due to more targeted promotional offers and mobile device discounting compared to last year.”

Bell’s wireless mobile phone average revenue per user was $58.26, down 3.4 per cent from $60.28 in the third quarter of the prior year.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 7, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:BCE)

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