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Canada’s underground economy increased to $68B in 2021: StatCan

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The StatCan report shows that in 2021, the residential construction industry played a significant role in the underground economy, contributing 35.0 per cent or $23.9 billion, making it the largest contributor. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Stephen MacGillivray)The StatCan report shows that in 2021, the residential construction industry played a significant role in the underground economy, contributing 35.0 per cent or $23.9 billion, making it the largest contributor. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Stephen MacGillivray)

Canada’s underground economy was estimated to be $68.5 billion in 2021, representing 2.7 per cent of the total GDP, according to a report from Statistics Canada.(opens in a new tab)

The report shows that in 2021, the underground economy experienced significant growth of 4.8 per cent in real terms, primarily driven by an 18 per cent surge in underground economic activity related to investments in residential structures.

In contrast, the underground economy experienced a 4.5 per cent decline in 2020, mainly due to reduced underground economic activity in household final consumption expenditure, which dropped by 8.4 per cent.

The underground economy is defined as consisting of market-based economic activities, whether legal or illegal, that escape measurement because of their hidden, illegal, or informal nature, according to the report.

StatCan has excluded some illegal activities, such as those related to drugs (except cannabis) and prostitution in the report.

RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION TAKES LEAD IN CANADA’S UNDERGROUND ECONOMY

The StatCan report shows that in 2021, the residential construction industry played a significant role in the underground economy, contributing 35.0 per cent or $23.9 billion, making it the largest contributor.

The next in line were the real estate landlords, responsible for 12.7 per cent, followed by retail trade at 10.5 per cent and accommodation and food services at 7.3 per cent.

According to the report, together, these four industries accounted for about two-thirds of all underground economic activity in Canada.

The report highlights that underground economic activity in the residential construction industry saw a 32.8 per cent increase in 2021. This matches the 31.3 per cent increase in business investment in residential structures across the entire economy.

In 2021, nearly 45 per cent of unreported income, totaling $30.6 billion, went to employees as wages. This was about 2.4 per cent of all employee compensation in the economy. Meanwhile, incorporated business owners received about 30 per cent, and unincorporated business owners got around 24 per cent of the remaining underground income.

The StatCan report revealed that the underground economy linked to household spending was $38.3 billion in 2021. Over a quarter (26.3 per cent) of this came from purchases of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, which represented four per cent of total household spending in the economy.

The next contributors to the underground economy in household spending were rental fees for housing (19.5 per cent) and food and beverage services (18.8 per cent).

ONTARIO LEADS CANADA IN UNDERGROUND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

According to the report, Ontario led the nation with the highest value of underground economic activity in 2021, totaling $26.9 billion. Quebec followed with $15.5 billion, while British Columbia and Alberta reported $11.1 billion and $6.8 billion, respectively.

These four provinces collectively represented 87.9 per cent of the total underground economic activity, which closely mirrored their contribution to the overall economy at 87.1 per cent.

However, Prince Edward Island and British Columbia had the highest proportions of underground economic activity as a percentage of their total economy-wide GDP in 2021, with 3.4 per cent and 3.2 per cent, respectively. In contrast, Nunavut had the smallest share at just 0.4 per cent.

 

Reporting for this story was paid for through The Afghan Journalists in Residence Project funded by Meta.
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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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