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Alarm bells are ringing: What markets are trying to warn us about the economy

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Financial markets are not the economy and the economy is not financial markets. But it’s often said that they’re both afraid of the same things. In this case, the concern is that the economy is careening toward a recession.

“The alarm bells are telling us that something is going to break somewhere in the financial system,” said Karl Schamotta, chief market strategist at Corpay, a foreign exchange service in Toronto.

Stock markets have sold off over the past three months. Since the beginning of July, the TSX wiped out all of the gains it made in the first half of the year.

U.S. stock indexes, such as the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average, have remained in positive territory, but not by much.

Those markets reflect a doomy prognosis that isn’t necessarily backed up by the economic data.


GDP and jobs numbers have shown a surprising resilience. The most recent figures indicate that the economy was flat in July, while a preliminary estimate shows it expanded again in August.

Canadian employers added 64,000 jobs in September.

That’s a far cry from the forecast of a recession through the third quarter of this year.

But Schamotta says that surprising resilience doesn’t negate the fact that Canadian households and businesses are in the midst of the most aggressive cycle of interest rate hikes this country has ever seen.

“We know historically when borrowing costs have risen this much that that stresses some part of the financial system — and as Warren Buffett likes to put it, when the tide goes out, suddenly we see who’s swimming naked,” he told CBC News.

Why the bond market matters

Stock markets are a notoriously volatile, fickle way of guessing where the economy is headed. The bond market is much bigger and far less whimsical.

And this week the bond market started flashing red.

Stock markets, where investors buy ownership slices of companies, get all of the attention, but the bond market — where companies and governments go to borrow billions of dollars each and every day — is a much more fascinating gauge for smart prognosticators like Schamotta.

Investors have been selling older bonds in exchange for newer ones that pay more. That bond sell-off has driven down the price of those bonds, but the yield — the percentage return that you’d get from holding them — has moved sharply higher.

On Friday, the yields on 10-year Treasury bills in the United States surged more than 15 basis points to 4.89 per cent. The five year Canadian government bond saw its yield jump 20 basis points to 4.42 per cent.

David Rosenberg, founder and president of Toronto-based Rosenberg Research, says U.S. Treasuries with maturities of 10 years or more have plunged 46 per cent in value since 2020 — all while disposable incomes (when adjusted for inflation) have fallen into negative territory.

Interest rates pushed his mortgage from 25 to 47 years

About one in five variable rate mortgage holders at three major banks are now in ‘negative amortization’ — where the time it takes to pay off the home loan is getting longer. It’s causing concern with regulators who plan to reign in the type of loan that allows it. One man saw his repayment period go from 25 to 47 years.

“These are crazy times, my friends,” Rosenberg wrote in a note to clients. “Real disposable incomes are down three months in a row.” And they’re on pace to fall by 1.7 per cent this year.

“The only reason spending has yet to follow suit is because of prior fiscal stimulus which has ended, and the boom in credit card usage.”

The bond market matters in all of this because it sets the price of money. And as everyone knows, Canadians took on a ton of debt over the past decade.

Schamotta says if you combine household, corporate and government debt in Canada, it is now more than four times the size of our entire economy.

“That’s far beyond anything we had reached before,” he said. “But it’s also among the highest debt loads in the world. We are not the prudent Canadians that the world thinks we are.”

The problem, of course, is that much of that debt was taken on at record-low interest levels.

Economy sending ‘mixed signals’

Spiking bond yields means investors are starting to think that high interest rates are going to stick around a lot longer than was previously thought, and they’re demanding to be paid more for the risk of lending out their money.

Still, some economists say it’s important to differentiate between financial markets and actual economic data.

A financial trader monitors data on computer screens on the trading floor inside the Amsterdam Stock Exchange
Economic data has come in stronger than expected, but investors don’t seem to share in the optimism that the economy can avoid a recession. Canadian households and businesses are in the midst of the most aggressive cycle of interest rate hikes this country has ever seen. (Jasper Juinen/Bloomberg)

“It looks like the economy still has quite a lot of steam to get us through this period without falling off a cliff and getting into a recession,” said Tu Nguyen, an economist in Toronto with the accounting and consultancy firm RSM Canada.

She is now forecasting that the Canadian economy will stick a sort of “soft landing.”

A soft landing is a scenario in which gross domestic product and job growth slow enough to tame inflation without forcing the economy to slip into a recession. It would be a remarkable needle to thread after years of the COVID-19 economic catastrophe, soaring inflation and rising interest rates.

Nguyen admits that the economy has been rife with contradictions.

A woman with black hair, wearing dark-rimmed eyeglasses and a teal-coloured sweater, sits in an office near a window.
Tu Nguyen, an economist in Toronto with the accounting and consultancy firm RSM Canada, is forecasting that the Canadian economy will stick a sort of ‘soft landing’ in which a recession is avoided. (Alison Northcott/CBC)

“It is a little confusing because it seems like we’re seeing mixed signals, and I think we’ll continue to see that,” she told CBC News.

But she maintains that the “real economy” (GDP, jobs and inflation numbers) are increasingly painting a healthier picture than expected, and she says that’s a better reflection of what’s going on in the economy than markets betting they know what’s going to happen next.

But if the economy has had one characteristic over these past years, it’s been the ability to surprise everyone.

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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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