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Economy

It’s not the economy, stupid – that’s not why you’re unhappy

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Nathan Denette/The Canadian Press

Claude Lavoie was director-general of economic studies and policy analysis at the Department of Finance, and Canada’s representative to the OECD, from 2008 to 2023. He has received many honours, including the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee Medal.

Canadians’ sentiments are at odds with economic reality. Sure, things could be better, and growth has certainly slowed, but the economic situation is not as bad as many seem to believe.

Our poverty and unemployment rates are at near-record lows and income inequality has not increased and is relatively low compared with peer countries. The median hourly wage is higher than it was pre-COVID, even after controlling for inflation. And our middle class is among the richest in the world, according to the most recent available data.

While some are not faring as well as others, the situation is nothing like we saw in the early 1990s or after the 2008 financial crisis, and yet we don’t seem to feel better than we did back then.

Canadians’ life satisfaction is about the same as it was in 2010, when the unemployment rate was above 8 per cent. Canada’s ranking in the World Happiness Report has fallen from sixth to 13th since then, and the sense of gloom about the future of their personal finances has increased from 20 per cent of respondents in an Angus Reid poll to 30 per cent.

The reason for that might seem surprising, but it is not totally so. Empirical evidence shows that higher income, once you get beyond a threshold level that most Canadian families already meet, does not really improve life satisfaction. This is a phenomenon called the Easterlin paradox.

It seems that Bill Clinton’s successful presidential campaign’s message “It’s the economy, stupid” has really stuck as governments and political parties on both sides of the border continue to concentrate too much on economic issues, often at the expense of other important societal objectives.

Recently we witnessed the Quebec government forcing families out of their houses, despite all the associated mental-health implications, instead of forcing a company to obey its environmental regulations. Rather than ask the Swiss giant Glencore to stop polluting at its local copper smelter, the provincial government chose to uproot 200 families.

And how many times have we seen governments fail to protect workers – passing back-to-work legislation, for example – out of economic concerns?

When we look at the factors that make for a good quality of life – these are available on Statistics Canada’s quality-of-life hub – economic determinants of well-being are not at the top of the list. (The exception being our poor productivity performance, a perennial issue.)

The more likely culprits of the population’s gloomy mood include the decline in mental health and personal safety, increasing difficulty in accessing health care, the degradation of the environment, and, especially, the trust and confidence in our institutions.

Canadians’ mental health has been declining for decades. The country is among the worst emitters of greenhouse gases per capita. The quality of the water in our rivers is deteriorating. The severity of crimes has increased. Access to civil justice is low by international standards, and confidence in the fairness of our justice system is declining. Trust in government has fallen, and only 30 per cent of Canadians have strong confidence in the federal Parliament.

The inability of governments to deliver decent-quality public goods and services has likely contributed to this decreasing trust in institutions. This is scary because while the economy does not appear to be the biggest source of most people’s unhappiness, it can very well become that source: Good and trustworthy institutions largely explain why some societies are rich, and some are poor.

Moreover, people who lose trust in their governance start fearing that the future will be unkind to them, particularly in the context of rapid technological, environmental and demographic changes.

These people are often willing to elect a “strongman” who takes away some of their freedom in exchange for a sense of protection and calming their anxiety by denying the inevitability of such changes. Examples of countries that have moved from liberal and democratic institutions toward authoritarianism with the population’s approval have abounded recently.

If you are unhappy, this is probably why: Trusting institutions is difficult when you are not sure you can get your passport on time; when immigrants are stranded because of long delays in processing their files; when you have difficulty accessing health care if you are sick; when getting basic information from your government is cumbersome; when elected representatives are self-interested (think the Greenbelt saga), politically motivated and secretive; and when some members of the federal Parliament cannot even do a simple check on historical facts.

Politicians may want to change their old mindsets and focus on building Canadians’ trust in their institutions by improving the delivery and quality of public goods and services. Stop trying to reverse or stall essential environmental policies such as carbon pricing. Stop politicizing the public service. And stop giving taxpayer money to large corporations for the supposed sake of the economy.

After all, what may win the next election may not be the economy, stupid.

Editor’s note: Due to an editing error, a previous version of this article incorrectly referred to Glencore as an Australian company. Its head office is in Switzerland. This version has been updated.

 

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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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