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Canada peacekeeping on the decline for decades: experts – CTV News

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In 2016, at a United Nations conference in London, then-minister of national defence Harjit Sajjan made a pledge to fellow representatives from 70 countries: that Canada was prepared to deploy as many as 600 members of the armed forces to support future international peacekeeping operations.

Combined with the existing 133 military and police personnel already in the field by December of that year, Canada’s peacekeeping contributions were primed to reach a 20-year high, not seen since the drawdown of deployments to the Balkans in the mid-1990s.

“Canada is committed to leading international efforts in peace support operations,” Sajjan said in a 2016 statement about the conference.

“I’m confident that our unique whole-of-government approach will make tangible contributions to peace support operations around the world.”

Data from the UN shows that in the seven years since the London conference, Canadian peacekeeping has not met Sajjan’s pledge.

And according to personnel totals from July of this year, there were just 57 Canadian peacekeepers active globally, split between missions in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, South Sudan, Haiti, Cyprus, Kosovo, Lebanon and the Golan Heights. 

UN totals for peacekeeping personnel may vary from those counted by the contributing nations, as they typically reflect the number of individuals whose expenses were reimbursed by the UN.

For example, the most recent UN numbers list 29 members of the Canadian Armed Forces active in peacekeeping operations, but in response to a CTV News inquiry, Canada’s Department of National Defence tallied 28 service members in that role, with an additional 57 personnel engaged in non-UN peace missions.

In a written statement to CTV News, Defence Minister Bill Blair underscored Canada’s contribution of “personnel, military capabilities and funds,” as well as training, to the UN’s efforts abroad.

Blair highlighted the December 2021 announcement of $85 million in contributions and related projects “to continue responding to the needs of UN peace operations and peacebuilding.”

“For decades, Canada has played a key role in supporting United Nations Peace Operations – and that will continue,” the statement read.

But to retired lieutenant-general and former senator Roméo Dallaire, who served as force-commander for UN peace operations preceding and amid the Rwandan genocide, Canadian peacekeeping has changed greatly.

“This country is failing miserably in taking the lead,” said Lt.-Gen. Dallaire in an interview with CTV News. “We used to; we’re not doing it now.”

Walter Dorn, a professor of defence studies at the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) and the Canadian Forces College, says the country lags behind not just its own past peace efforts, but those of dozens of its fellow nations today.

“For so many decades, Canada was the go-to source. We were the only country to have provided peacekeepers to every single UN mission of the Cold War,” he said in an interview. “Now, the UN can’t depend on us to provide anywhere near those kind of numbers.”

More recent comments from the prime minister and cabinet officials have underscored Canada’s financial and policy supports for peacekeeping, including inclusivity efforts for women and a set of guiding principles coined at 2017’s UN conference in Vancouver.

“The Government of Canada continues to support efforts to make peacekeeping more effective and more inclusive,” Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said in a statement this August. “Canada’s leadership in peacekeeping is a source of national pride.”

Dorn says it doesn’t measure up to prior commitments.

“The rhetoric remains lofty on paper and in speeches but the Canadian government has yet to match its words with deeds,” an ongoing analysis by Dorn of Canadian peacekeeping reads. “Canada defaulted on its promises and is not leading by example.”

Peacekeepers dwindling for decades

The recent lows are the latest in a decades-long decline in Canadian peacekeeping.

UN figures show a 30-year peak of more than 3,000 active personnel in the early 1990s, the majority of which deployed to the Balkans during and after the breakup of Yugoslavia as part of the United Nations Protection Force.

But by the end of 1997, listed personnel counts had dropped by more than 90 per cent, to 254 troops. Brief increases followed at the turn of the millenium, amid conflict in Ethiopia and Eritrea, and in the mid-2000s, as part of political stabilization efforts in Haiti.

But in 2006, amid withdrawals of peacekeepers from the Golan Heights, personnel counts fell below 200, where they would plateau for the next decade.

In a 2019 review for the Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Graeme Young of the University of Glasgow describes “politics of disengagement” through the Harper years, as Conservative governments pursued a “Canada First” approach that saw increased militarism amid the American-led “War on Terror” after the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, but the disappearance of peacekeeping from party platforms.

“[Harper’s] government’s turn away from liberal internationalism and concerted efforts to reorient Canadian foreign policy around the use of force … embodied fundamental lack of commitment to peacekeeping as a public good in the international system,” Young wrote.

The Liberal government that followed campaigned on the promise to “recommit to supporting international peace operations with the United Nations,” but as Dorn notes, declines in peacekeeping continued.

“Before his election in October 2015, Trudeau criticized the Conservative government of Stephen Harper for a decline in [the] number of uniformed personnel (rank 66th on the list of contributors),” Dorn’s analysis reads. “Surprisingly, under the Trudeau government, the contribution [would] fall further for over two years until Canada reached its lowest rank in history: 81st.”

At the most recent significant increase in 2018, Canada deployed peacekeeping forces to Mali, as part of Operation Presence. The following year, however, personnel would begin departing the country, leaving a standing roster of 10 peacekeepers, as of this year.

Canada once a leader in the field

As of this July, Canada ranks 66th among participating UN countries for its peacekeeping contributions, down from its December 1992 standing as third in the world, behind France and the United Kingdom.

Lt.-Gen. Dallaire says it is a matter of priorities shifting away from lasting peace globally, and more to domestic self-interest.

“During the Cold War, peacekeeping was really a rich country’s sort-of arena,” Lt.-Gen. Dallaire said. “When the big powers didn’t need all those small countries anymore, and the dictators, many of them, took over; the frictions of the past exploded. We ended up in an era, which we’re still stumbling through, of imploding nations and failing states, mass atrocities and even genocide.”

The path to lasting peace, the former force-commander said, is an altruistic one — beyond any contributing nation’s self-interest. That sense of responsibility to protect others, he said, had been a Canadian strong-suit, but mindsets have changed.

“What we’re still seeing now is a reticence of taking risks, of fear of casualties, and not providing the level of resources and people capable of not just stopping a conflict, but actually preventing conflicts from happening,” he said.

“That, I fear, is a long way down the road, still.” 

Edited by CTVNews.ca producer Phil Hahn

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Sebastian Coe among 7 IOC members to enter race to succeed Thomas Bach as president

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GENEVA (AP) — Two former Olympic champions are in the race to be the next IOC president. So is a prince of a Middle East kingdom and the son of a former president. The global leaders of cycling, gymnastics and skiing also are in play.

The International Olympic Committee published a list Monday of seven would-be candidates who are set to run for election in March to succeed outgoing president Thomas Bach for the next eight years.

Just one woman, IOC executive board member Kirsty Coventry from Zimbabwe, entered the contest to lead an organization that has had only male presidents in its 130-year history. Eight of those presidents were from Europe and one from the United States.

Coventry and Sebastian Coe are two-time gold medalists in swimming and running, respectively. Prince Feisal al Hussein of Jordan is also on the IOC board.

Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr. of Spain is one of the four IOC vice presidents, whose father was president for 21 years until 2001.

David Lappartient is the president of cycling’s governing body, Morinari Watanabe leads gymnastics, and Johan Eliasch is president of the International Ski and Snowboard Federation. Coe is the president of track’s World Athletics.

All seven met a deadline of Sunday to send a letter of intent to Bach, who must leave the post next year after reaching the maximum 12 years in office. Bach declined at the Paris Olympics last month to seek to change IOC rules in order to stay in office longer.

A formal candidate list should be confirmed in January, three months before the March 18-21 election meeting in Greece, near the site of Ancient Olympia.

Only IOC members are eligible to stand as candidates, with votes cast by the rest of the 111-strong membership of the Olympic body.

The IOC is one of the most exclusive clubs in world sports. Its members are drawn from European and Middle East royalty, leaders of international sports bodies, former and current Olympic athletes, politicians and diplomats plus industrialists, including some billionaires like Eliasch.

It makes for one of the most discreet and quirky election campaigns in world sports, with members prevented from publicly endorsing their pick.

Campaign limits on the candidates include a block on publishing videos, organizing public meetings and taking part in public debates. The IOC will organize a closed-door meeting for candidates to address voters in January in its home city Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IOC top job ideally calls for deep knowledge of managing sports, understanding athletes’ needs and nimble skills in global politics.

The president oversees an organization that earns billions of dollars in revenue from broadcasting and sponsor deals for the Olympic Games and employs hundreds of staff in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Coe has been widely considered the most qualified candidate. A two-time Olympic champion in the 1,500-meters, he was later an elected lawmaker in Britain in the 1990s, led the 2012 London Olympics organizing committee and has presided at World Athletics for nine years.

However, he has potential legal hurdles regarding his ability to serve a full eight-year mandate. The IOC has an age limit of 70 for members, while Coe will be 68 on election day. The rules allow for a special exemption to remain for four more years, but that would mean a six-year presidency unless those limits are changed.

Coventry, who turned 41 Monday, also has government experience as the appointed sports minister in Zimbabwe.

The only woman ever to stand as an IOC presidential candidate was Anita DeFrantz, a former Olympic rower from the United States. She was eliminated in the first round of voting in a five-candidate election in 2001, which was won by Jacques Rogge.

Lappartient also is president of France’s national Olympic body and has carried strong momentum from the Paris Summer Games. He leads a French Alps project that was picked to host the 2030 Winter Games and was picked by Bach to oversee a long-term project sealed in Paris that will see Saudi Arabia hosting the Esports Olympic Games through 2035.

Eliasch is perhaps the most surprising candidate after being elected as an IOC member in Paris less than two months ago. The Swedish-British owner of the Head sportswear brand got 17 “no” votes, a notably high number in Olympic politics.

___

AP Olympics:

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.



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Ontario considers further expanding pharmacists’ scope to include more minor ailments

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TORONTO – Ontario is proposing to further expand pharmacists’ scope of practice by adding to the list of minor ailments they can assess, allowing them to administer more vaccines and order some lab tests.

But while pharmacists see the proposal as an overdue solution to easing the burden on other aspects of the health-care system by leaning more on their professional expertise, doctors are raising concerns.

The government in early 2023 granted pharmacists the ability to assess and treat 13 minor ailments, including pink eye, hemorrhoids and urinary tract infections. In the fall of that year six more were added to the list, including acne, canker sores and yeast infections.

Now, the government is proposing to expand the list to include sore throat, calluses and corns, mild headaches, shingles, minor sleep disorders, fungal nail infections, swimmers’ ear, head lice, nasal congestion, dandruff, ringworm, jock itch, warts and dry eye.

As well, the Ministry of Health is looking for feedback on what lab tests and point-of-care tests might be required for pharmacists to order and perform as part of assessing and treating those conditions.

The government is also considering funding pharmacists to administer tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, pneumococcal, shingles and RSV vaccines for adults, in addition to COVID-19 and flu vaccines. The province is proposing to allow pharmacy technicians to administer the same vaccines as pharmacists.

“Our government is focused on improving access to care in communities across the province and we have seen the success of our minor ailment program, connecting over 1 million people to treatment for minor ailments,” Hannah Jensen, a spokesperson for Health Minister Sylvia Jones, wrote in a statement.

Justin Bates, CEO of the Ontario Pharmacists Association, said the minor ailments program has been going well so far, and further expanding pharmacists’ scope can help avoid visits to family doctors and emergency rooms.

“We want to build health-care capacity through looking at pharmacies as a health-care hub and the pharmacists’ trusted relationship with their patients and to leverage that, because they are underutilized when it comes to what scope they can do,” he said.

But doctors are pushing back on the scope expansions.

“The bottom line here is that pharmacists are not doctors,” said Dr. Dominik Nowak, president of the Ontario Medical Association. “Doctors are trained for years and thousands of hours to diagnose and treat conditions.”

Nowak said that sometimes the symptoms that would seem to suggest one of those minor ailments are really a sign of a more serious condition, and it takes a doctor to recognize that.

“When I look at a lot of the minor ailments list, I think to myself, there’s nothing minor about many of these,” Nowak said.

“Many of these ailments rely on the patient … one, knowing the diagnosis themselves, so the patient’s own opinion. And last I heard, most of my patients haven’t been to medical school. And then two: it also relies on the patient’s own opinion about whether this is something minor or something serious.”

Bates said he has been “disappointed” at some of the messaging from doctors, and added that any notion that there is an increased risk to patient safety is “misinformation.”

“I want to support OMA and primary care, and I do – in hiring more doctors, solving some of their issues – but it shouldn’t come at the expense of other health professions gaining their … appropriate scope of practice,” he said.

“So it’s not a zero sum game here. We want to have physicians be comfortable with this, but … the way that some of these doctors are responding, it’s almost like hysteria.”

The government’s proposal on its regulatory registry is open for comment until Oct. 20.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024.



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B.C. municipal leaders gather to talk infrastructure, addiction, emergency management

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VANCOUVER – The president of the Union of B.C. Municipalities says communities have billions of dollars worth of infrastructure that will need replacing in the next decade and the province needs to step in with new funding to help.

Trish Mandewo says a call for $650 million in additional infrastructure money each year is one of a series of requests the organization is making to provincial leaders days before B.C.’s provincial election will be called.

They’re also asking for a percentage of the provincial property transfer tax to support housing projects, and a share of the growth in the carbon tax to help pay for responding to extreme weather.

Local politicians are gathering for their annual convention in Vancouver this week and are expected to cover a range of topics including housing, the toxic drug crisis, growing financial pressures, and a host of other issues.

Mandewo, who is on Coquitlam City Council, says the municipalities are looking for a new, flexible revenue stream to help fund an estimated $24 billion in infrastructure replacement that’s expected to be needed in the next 10 years.

She says without the additional money, municipalities won’t be able to build “complete communities” without raising taxes.

“So it’s the individual taxpayers that are going to be paying for that, because local governments have no other way of raising funding,” she said.

Mandewo says municipalities are facing rising costs due to extreme weather events like fires, floods, droughts and heat domes and the scale of what’s required for mitigation and adaptation exceeds their tax base.

“We are asking for a new dedicated revenue source so that we can support emergency planning and risk assessments, which have been asked of us,” she said.

Municipal leaders are going to spend the week discussing more than 200 pages worth of resolutions at the conference. Mandewo says issues surrounding addiction and toxic drugs are front and centre in members’ minds.

Resolutions include calls for more overdose prevention sites, more complex care beds for people struggling with addiction, and more money directed at community safety.

“Local governments have been trying to deal with it as much as we can, because we are the ones that are closest to the communities,” she said.

“That issue is not selective, whether you’re a small community or a large community.”

Premier David Eby is scheduled to address the conference Thursday. B.C. Conservative Leader John Rustad and Green Leader Sonia Furstenau will speak Friday.

A series of “cabinet town halls” are also scheduled where municipal leaders will get a chance to question cabinet ministers on housing, public service and emergency preparedness.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.



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