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Opinion: A frail Canadian economy risks plunging into further turmoil – The Globe and Mail

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The downtown Toronto cityscape and office towers are silhouetted by the setting sun as seen from the Parliament St. and Front St. East area.Fred Lum/The Globe and Mail

Pedro Antunes is chief economist at the Conference Board of Canada.

Canada’s inflation rate has dropped below 3 per cent – the top of the Bank of Canada’s target range. However, getting inflation the rest of the way back down to 2 per cent may prove more elusive than we think. This means that higher rates for longer are possible. This could lead to stalled business revenues, skyrocketing bankruptcies, and rock-bottom consumer and business confidence.

In the current Conference Board of Canada forecast, economic growth is expected to accelerate later this year as interest rates begin to fall. But with economic growth stalled since early 2023, there are significant risks that a longer and more severe correction could occur.

Inflation has hit most developed economies in a similar way, peaking in June of 2022 in the United States and Canada, and in October, in Britain and much of Europe. Inflation came down sharply through most of 2023, as the effects of supply chain problems and higher commodity prices ebbed. However, the downward progress on inflation has slowed markedly in recent months.

U.S. inflation has been stuck above 3 per cent since June of last year and, even as Canada’s inflation rate edged below that level in January, that’s also in line with where it was at in the spring of 2023. Moreover, heightened inflation expectations persist, binding the Bank of Canada to a hawkish stand and hinting at a prolonged period of elevated interest rates.

Inflation, coupled with a steep rise in debt financing costs, is dealing a blow to consumers – one perhaps more painful than we realize. Total real household spending has stalled since the second quarter of 2023, but that flat performance has been buoyed up by an extraordinary surge in population growth.

The Conference Board estimates that real per capita consumer spending decreased by 0.7 per cent last year and, given the weak start to this year, there would likely be a decline of 1.6 per cent in 2024. This is much weaker than what occurred during the 2008-09 financial crisis and more in line with the deep recession in 1991-92 – a recession, for those that remember, caused by monetary tightening intended to beat back inflation.

Even as population growth keeps consumer spending positive this year, the business environment has deteriorated dramatically. Business revenues have stalled while financing costs and wages continue to climb. Exacerbating matters, bloated inventories plague businesses. Inventory accumulation accelerated in 2022, as supply chain issues were resolved, but sales didn’t follow, leaving businesses with massive inventories and stock-to-sales ratios reminiscent of the early nineties recession.

Stalled sales and higher costs are driving down profits, and Statistics Canada data show that corporate profits plummeted by nearly half, to just $167-billion in the third quarter of 2023 from an average of $324-billion in 2022. This is affecting the viability of many small and medium-sized businesses. Business bankruptcies, which had been trending up over the past 18 months, surged dramatically over the last few months of 2023.

The precarious balance of consumer and business confidence hangs by a thread, leaving the trajectory of Canada’s economy shrouded in uncertainty. Businesses went on a hiring spree following the pandemic closings, trying to narrow the gap on job vacancies and surging demand as the economy reopened. But the situation turned sharply last year and, despite stalled economic activity, employers have continued to hire or hold on to workers with the expectation that economic growth will rebound. The risk is that sustained economic malaise triggers job losses and further exacerbates a fragile economy.

The path to a soft landing hinges on conquering inflation. Success on this front would empower the Bank of Canada to lower interest rates, reignite consumer confidence and catalyze spending. However, failure to achieve this outcome could spell disaster, plunging an already frail economy into further turmoil.

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Economy

Statistics Canada says manufacturing sales up 1.4% in July at $71B

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OTTAWA – Statistics Canada says manufacturing sales rose 1.4 per cent to $71 billion in July, helped by higher sales in the petroleum and coal and chemical product subsectors.

The increase followed a 1.7 per cent decrease in June.

The agency says sales in the petroleum and coal product subsector gained 6.7 per cent to total $8.6 billion in July as most refineries sold more, helped by higher prices and demand.

Chemical product sales rose 5.3 per cent to $5.6 billion in July, boosted by increased sales of pharmaceutical and medicine products.

Sales of wood products fell 4.8 per cent for the month to $2.9 billion, the lowest level since May 2023.

In constant dollar terms, overall manufacturing sales rose 0.9 per cent in July.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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S&P/TSX gains almost 100 points, U.S. markets also higher ahead of rate decision

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TORONTO – Strength in the base metal and technology sectors helped Canada’s main stock index gain almost 100 points on Friday, while U.S. stock markets climbed to their best week of the year.

“It’s been almost a complete opposite or retracement of what we saw last week,” said Philip Petursson, chief investment strategist at IG Wealth Management.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 297.01 points at 41,393.78. The S&P 500 index was up 30.26 points at 5,626.02, while the Nasdaq composite was up 114.30 points at 17,683.98.

The S&P/TSX composite index closed up 93.51 points at 23,568.65.

While last week saw a “healthy” pullback on weaker economic data, this week investors appeared to be buying the dip and hoping the central bank “comes to the rescue,” said Petursson.

Next week, the U.S. Federal Reserve is widely expected to cut its key interest rate for the first time in several years after it significantly hiked it to fight inflation.

But the magnitude of that first cut has been the subject of debate, and the market appears split on whether the cut will be a quarter of a percentage point or a larger half-point reduction.

Petursson thinks it’s clear the smaller cut is coming. Economic data recently hasn’t been great, but it hasn’t been that bad either, he said — and inflation may have come down significantly, but it’s not defeated just yet.

“I think they’re going to be very steady,” he said, with one small cut at each of their three decisions scheduled for the rest of 2024, and more into 2025.

“I don’t think there’s a sense of urgency on the part of the Fed that they have to do something immediately.

A larger cut could also send the wrong message to the markets, added Petursson: that the Fed made a mistake in waiting this long to cut, or that it’s seeing concerning signs in the economy.

It would also be “counter to what they’ve signaled,” he said.

More important than the cut — other than the new tone it sets — will be what Fed chair Jerome Powell has to say, according to Petursson.

“That’s going to be more important than the size of the cut itself,” he said.

In Canada, where the central bank has already cut three times, Petursson expects two more before the year is through.

“Here, the labour situation is worse than what we see in the United States,” he said.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.61 cents US compared with 73.58 cents US on Thursday.

The October crude oil contract was down 32 cents at US$68.65 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was down five cents at US$2.31 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$30.10 at US$2,610.70 an ounce and the December copper contract was up four cents US$4.24 a pound.

— With files from The Associated Press

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 13, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

S&P/TSX composite gains almost 100 points, U.S. stock markets also higher

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TORONTO – Strength in the base metal and technology sectors helped Canada’s main stock index gain almost 100 points on Friday, while U.S. stock markets also climbed higher.

The S&P/TSX composite index closed up 93.51 points at 23,568.65.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 297.01 points at 41,393.78. The S&P 500 index was up 30.26 points at 5,626.02, while the Nasdaq composite was up 114.30 points at 17,683.98.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.61 cents US compared with 73.58 cents US on Thursday.

The October crude oil contract was down 32 cents at US$68.65 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was down five cents at US$2.31 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$30.10 at US$2,610.70 an ounce and the December copper contract was up four cents US$4.24 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 13, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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