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You're no longer middle-class if you own a cottage or investment property – The Globe and Mail

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Some in cottage country have been singing the blues since Ottawa proposed changes to capital gains taxation as part of the recent federal budget. Their tears reveal they don’t yet recognize how class dynamics have changed as a result of the damage done to our housing system.

Owning a cottage or investment property is no longer a middle-class reality. It’s a sign of affluence in a country where rent and home ownership are so much more expensive for younger residents today than when baby boomers were young.

More, not less, taxation of second properties is required to protect younger Canadians in the housing market, fill the revenue hole left by governments that did not plan adequately for boomers’ retirement, and spur productivity.

I genuinely sympathize when people struggle to ensure that a cherished cottage remains in the family, and I appreciate that taxation plays a role in complicating their planning.

But anyone struggling with that challenge has to sympathize even more with the many hard-working younger folks and newcomers who struggle to afford rent, let alone home ownership of any kind.

Paying taxes on a half-million-dollar capital gain from a cottage or an investment property is a good problem to have. I could line up millions of younger Canadians who would jump at the opportunity to trade their housing woes for that privilege.

Plus, mom-and-pop investors have been harming housing affordability. They contribute to bidding-up average home prices, and they’re implicated in rising rents charged to younger folks increasingly locked out of home ownership. Purpose-built rental construction is a more efficient way to scale up the supply of rental units.

Social Capital Partners, a non-profit focused on broadening access to ownership, rightly calls out this problem, lamenting the role that domestic, small-scale investors have played in crowding-out first-time buyers. They remind us that mom-and-pop investors in residential real estate now outnumber corporate and foreign investors combined.

Canada could “make upward of a million [homes] available over the next decade” for aspiring owners, SCP observes, if we reduce the activity of investors in the housing system to levels that resemble their share of purchases 10 years ago – “all with no additional shovels.”

To advance this goal, they recommend “taxing capital gains on investment property at the same rate as income.” In other words, they propose 100 per cent of capital gains earned from properties other than principal residences should be subject to income taxation – not just the 50 to 66 per cent required by the 2024 budget.

I like this recommendation for three reasons.

First, it’s hard for younger Canadians to compete with mom-and-pop investors in the housing market. Whereas young folks only bring their earnings to bid on a home, investors can also tap into profits they’ve gained from their housing assets. Since those profits are sheltered from taxation by comparison with labour earnings, the SCP proposal would reduce the tax advantage that helps investors outbid first-time buyers.

Second, mom-and-pop investors tend to be older, which means they are especially likely to be in the generations for which federal and provincial spending is growing most rapidly in government budgets. The SCP proposal would raise additional revenue disproportionately from affluent members of the generations that are benefitting from new spending that is driving government deficits.

Third, the SCP tax change would stimulate productivity. Real estate, rental and leasing have represented the largest share of Canada’s GDP for years, but relatively little employment. This pattern is a root cause of the nations’ poor performance when it comes to economic growth per capita.

When Canadians use their investments to bid up the price of existing homes (which is the vast majority of what is on sale), the investments do relatively little to increase productivity. Instead, they seek wealth windfalls at the expense of inflating the major cost of living for those who are not yet home owners.

By discouraging speculation in housing that is not purpose-built rental, the SCP proposal would incentivize investment in manufacturing, the green economy and other industries that have a better track record at improving productivity than investment in most real estate.

We may lament that owning a second property is no longer a marker of the middle-class. But we need Ottawa to recalibrate the tax code for the present, not the past. Further taxation of second properties and mom-and-pop investors is necessary to promote fairness for every generation.

Dr. Paul Kershaw is a policy professor at UBC and founder of Generation Squeeze, Canada’s leading voice for generational fairness. You can follow Gen Squeeze on X, Facebook and subscribe to Paul’s Hard Truths podcast.

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Economy

S&P/TSX gains almost 100 points, U.S. markets also higher ahead of rate decision

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TORONTO – Strength in the base metal and technology sectors helped Canada’s main stock index gain almost 100 points on Friday, while U.S. stock markets climbed to their best week of the year.

“It’s been almost a complete opposite or retracement of what we saw last week,” said Philip Petursson, chief investment strategist at IG Wealth Management.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 297.01 points at 41,393.78. The S&P 500 index was up 30.26 points at 5,626.02, while the Nasdaq composite was up 114.30 points at 17,683.98.

The S&P/TSX composite index closed up 93.51 points at 23,568.65.

While last week saw a “healthy” pullback on weaker economic data, this week investors appeared to be buying the dip and hoping the central bank “comes to the rescue,” said Petursson.

Next week, the U.S. Federal Reserve is widely expected to cut its key interest rate for the first time in several years after it significantly hiked it to fight inflation.

But the magnitude of that first cut has been the subject of debate, and the market appears split on whether the cut will be a quarter of a percentage point or a larger half-point reduction.

Petursson thinks it’s clear the smaller cut is coming. Economic data recently hasn’t been great, but it hasn’t been that bad either, he said — and inflation may have come down significantly, but it’s not defeated just yet.

“I think they’re going to be very steady,” he said, with one small cut at each of their three decisions scheduled for the rest of 2024, and more into 2025.

“I don’t think there’s a sense of urgency on the part of the Fed that they have to do something immediately.

A larger cut could also send the wrong message to the markets, added Petursson: that the Fed made a mistake in waiting this long to cut, or that it’s seeing concerning signs in the economy.

It would also be “counter to what they’ve signaled,” he said.

More important than the cut — other than the new tone it sets — will be what Fed chair Jerome Powell has to say, according to Petursson.

“That’s going to be more important than the size of the cut itself,” he said.

In Canada, where the central bank has already cut three times, Petursson expects two more before the year is through.

“Here, the labour situation is worse than what we see in the United States,” he said.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.61 cents US compared with 73.58 cents US on Thursday.

The October crude oil contract was down 32 cents at US$68.65 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was down five cents at US$2.31 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$30.10 at US$2,610.70 an ounce and the December copper contract was up four cents US$4.24 a pound.

— With files from The Associated Press

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 13, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

S&P/TSX composite down more than 200 points, U.S. stock markets also fall

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TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index was down more than 200 points in late-morning trading, weighed down by losses in the technology, base metal and energy sectors, while U.S. stock markets also fell.

The S&P/TSX composite index was down 239.24 points at 22,749.04.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was down 312.36 points at 40,443.39. The S&P 500 index was down 80.94 points at 5,422.47, while the Nasdaq composite was down 380.17 points at 16,747.49.

The Canadian dollar traded for 73.80 cents US compared with 74.00 cents US on Thursday.

The October crude oil contract was down US$1.07 at US$68.08 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was up less than a penny at US$2.26 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was down US$2.10 at US$2,541.00 an ounce and the December copper contract was down four cents at US$4.10 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 6, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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S&P/TSX composite up more than 150 points, U.S. stock markets also higher

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TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index was up more than 150 points in late-morning trading, helped by strength in technology, financial and energy stocks, while U.S. stock markets also pushed higher.

The S&P/TSX composite index was up 171.41 points at 23,298.39.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 278.37 points at 41,369.79. The S&P 500 index was up 38.17 points at 5,630.35, while the Nasdaq composite was up 177.15 points at 17,733.18.

The Canadian dollar traded for 74.19 cents US compared with 74.23 cents US on Wednesday.

The October crude oil contract was up US$1.75 at US$76.27 per barrel and the October natural gas contract was up less than a penny at US$2.10 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$18.70 at US$2,556.50 an ounce and the December copper contract was down less than a penny at US$4.22 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Aug. 29, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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