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Apr 15: AI scientist develops theories, bear hibernation and immobility risks, Canadian astronaut to the moon

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Quirks and Quarks9:05A new AI can develop scientific theories like a human scientist

 

Artificial intelligence has proved very useful in sorting through large amounts of data to find patterns and correlations, but until now it has taken a human to develop theories to make sense of those patterns. University of Maryland Baltimore County assistant professor Tyler Josephson was part of the research team that developed an AI system that can use mathematical and logical reasoning to build a theory based on real-world data, analogous to the way a human scientist does. This research was published in Nature Communications.

A new kind of AI can develop theories based on mathematical relationships it sees in real-world data. (Marina Sun/Shutterstock)

A Canadian Astronaut on catching a ride to the moon

 

Quirks and Quarks8:00A Canadian Astronaut on catching a ride to the moon

 

Canadian astronaut and former Canadian Forces fighter pilot Jeremy Hansen has been selected as one of the four crewmembers who will fly on NASA’S Artemis II mission which is planned to orbit the moon roughly a year and a half from now. CBC science reporter Nicole Mortillaro spoke with Hansen the day after the announcement of his trip.

Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen is dressed in his blue flight suit in front of a green sign that reads, "Dare to explore."
Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen. (CSA)

Understanding the secret of bear hibernation could help humans avoid blood clots

 

Quirks and Quarks8:23Understanding the secret of bear hibernation could help humans avoid blood clots

 

When humans are immobilized for long periods of time, we run the risk of developing potentially serious blood clots. Hibernating bears, however, don’t face any such challenges. Ole Frøbert, an invasive cardiologist from Örebro University in Sweden and Aarhus University in Denmark, who studies hibernating brown bears thinks he’s unlocked the secret to how they avoid blood clots. When bears go into hibernation, they make less of a specific protein that acts like the glue in blood clots — a factor that also kicks in after about 27 days in humans when they lose their mobility. Their research was published in the journal Science.

Researchers are crouched down beside a brown bear outside in the snow as a woman wearing a stethoscope listens to its heart and a man collects its blood sample.
Swedish researchers collect a blood sample from a sedated brown bear as part of their study investigating how hibernating bears manage to avoid getting blood clots. (Ole Frøbert)

Medieval monks watching the moon provided valuable climate data

 

Quirks and Quarks8:03Medieval monks watching the moon provided valuable climate data

 

Medieval monks in Europe made observations that have provided scientists today with clues about the volcanic activity that impacted the climate and may have influenced the start of the Little Ice Age. Monks noted the changes in colour and brightness of the moon, particularly during lunar eclipses. Atmospheric scientists, including Matthew Toohey from the University of Saskatchewan, understand those changes to be the result of aerosols produced during eruptions. His research was published in Nature.

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A view on the womb — a new book looks at the neglected science of the uterus

 

Quirks and Quarks15:32A view on the womb – a new book looks at the neglected science of the uterus

 

Journalist-turned-midwife Leah Hazard had no doubt about the importance of the womb, since no human could be born without one. But the more she learned about the uterus, the more she was surprised about what scientists and healthcare professionals don’t know about it — particularly when it comes to its function outside of reproduction. She explores what we know and what we still need to learn about the uterus in her new book, Womb: The Inside Story of Where We All Began.

A collage of a photograph of a woman next to a book cover.
Journalist-turned-midwife Leah Hazard writes about what we know – and what we’re yet to learn – about the uterus in Womb: The Inside Story of Where We All Began. (Marilena Vlachopoulou/ECCO/HarperCollins)

Quirks Question: How would the Earth be different if it had never collided with the object that created the moon?

 

Quirks and Quarks2:12How would the Earth be different if it had never collided with the object that created the moon?

 

A listener asks: The moon was formed when the Earth collided with a small planet. How would the Earth be different if this collision never happened? For the answer we hear from Elena Hyde, an assistant professor of physics and astronomy and the Director of the Allan I. Carswell Observatory and York University in Toronto.

 

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

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