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Covid jabs found to be effective for pregnant women and their babies – Kent Live

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Covid vaccines are proving highly effective in pregnancy, according toa newly published studyin the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. It has also found that mothers who have been vaccinated are passing on precious immunity to their newborns.

A group of researchers in Massachusetts studied pregnant women’s response to two approved mRNA vaccines – Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna/NIH. The women were vaccinated either during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, and their ability to produce virus-specific antibodies was compared to that of vaccinated, non-pregnant women.

While the small number of women included in this study – 131 – is a limiting factor, it nonetheless provides very important early insight into the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy. This matters, because new infectious diseases can come with all kinds of risks for women during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as in the neonatal phase. All of these risks need to be considered when making healthcare decisions related to pregnant women and, in particular, when considering vaccine strategies.

Known risks

While there remains a lot that we don’t yet know about the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women and their babies, there are some things we do know.

In early pregnancy, the virus is not associated with an increased chance of miscarriage. Vertical transmission – where the virus passes from the mother to the baby in the womb – is relatively rare. And babies seldom get sick.

We also know that, overall, pregnant women tend to have milder symptoms than the general population. However, they remain at greater risk of complications including placental inflammation and can become very ill. This in turn can lead to an increased likelihood of being admitted to intensive care and giving birth prematurely. As within the general population, pregnant women who are Black or Asian, as well as those who are obese, are at greater risk of severe COVID-19.

Now, of course, vaccination would prevent these outcomes. However, women are typically not included in any early vaccines trials if they’re pregnant. It is only now that data relating specifically to the response to the vaccine of pregnant and breast-feeding women are emerging. The work published in this paper is the first study to address this, making it incredibly valuable.

Antibody response

The Massachussets study focused on 84 pregnant women, 31 who were breast-feeding and 16 who were neither. The women each received two doses – what is known as prime and boost – of one of the vaccines. They had blood taken with each dose, and again up to six weeks after the second.

These blood samples were used to track the women’s antibody responses to the virus. The results were conclusive. All the women – both pregnant and breast-feeding – were found to have robust immunity, comparable to that of the non-pregnant women. And, this immunity increased with time, post-vaccination.

The researchers compared these findings with the antibody response in pregnant women who had contracted the virus naturally. This enabled them to show that the level of antibodies made in response to the vaccines far exceeded those made in response to natural infections.

Passive immunity

One important reason to vaccinate pregnant women is so they can in turn provide their antibodies to the baby. This is known as passive immunity and it occurs when a mother is infected naturally or when she is vaccinated. The antibodies she produces are passed to her baby through the placenta or via breast milk. This affords the baby protection against infectious diseases it might come in contact with while its own immune system is still maturing. It is one of the reasons, for example, that pregnant women in many countries, including the UK, are encouraged to be vaccinated for flu and whooping cough.

When the babies in the study were delivered, the researchers studied blood samples from their umbilical cords. They found virus-specific antibodies in every sample. This shows that vaccinated mothers are passing antibodies to their babies through the placenta, in keeping with what we know from studies in natural infection. They also found virus-specific antibodies in breast milk from the women who were breastfeeding when vaccinated, which means that passive immunity is taking place via this route as well.

The investigators in this study were also able to provide some insight into when in pregnancy might be the best time to vaccinate pregnant women. Vaccinating women in different trimesters of their pregnancies did not affect antibody levels. This suggests that women can make a robust response to the vaccine at any stage of pregnancy.

In contrast, the analysis of umbilical cord blood shows that the second dose of a vaccine is important for maximising passive immunity for the baby. The lowest levels of antibodies in the umbilical cord samples came from a woman who delivered her baby before the second dose. The ability of the antibody to stop the entry of the virus into cells and cause infection also seems to need the boost dose. This suggests that having both doses before giving birth is critical to ensuring the baby gets the most protection possible.

Next steps

There have been recent calls for pregnant women to be included at the early stages of vaccine trials, in order to limit delays in protecting them and their newborns. This study supports those calls.

It also highlights important next steps. Larger studies are needed to investigate when the best time in pregnancy is to vaccinate. These should include more detailed analysis of how the mothers respond to the vaccine at different stages of pregnancy, whether the vaccine prevents placental inflammation and preterm birth, and what effects this timing might have for passive immunity in newborns.

It points to other important questions too. How effective is the immunity transferred to the infant? And how long-lived is vaccine-induced viral immunity in the mother when the vaccination is made during pregnancy? We will need more studies to answer these questions.

Catherine Thornton, Professor of Human Immunology, Swansea University and April Rees, PhD Researcher in Immunology, Swansea University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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What’s the greatest holiday gift: lips, hair, skin? Give the gift of great skin this holiday season

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Give the gift of great skin this holiday season

Skinstitut Holiday Gift Kits take the stress out of gifting

Toronto, October 31, 2024 – Beauty gifts are at the top of holiday wish lists this year, and Laser Clinics Canada, a leader in advanced beauty treatments and skincare, is taking the pressure out of seasonal shopping. Today, Laser Clincs Canada announces the arrival of its 2024 Holiday Gift Kits, courtesy of Skinstitut, the exclusive skincare line of Laser Clinics Group.

In time for the busy shopping season, the limited-edition Holiday Gifts Kits are available in Laser Clinics locations in the GTA and Ottawa. Clinics are conveniently located in popular shopping centers, including Hillcrest Mall, Square One, CF Sherway Gardens, Scarborough Town Centre, Rideau Centre, Union Station and CF Markville. These limited-edition Kits are available on a first come, first served basis.

“These kits combine our best-selling products, bundled to address the most relevant skin concerns we’re seeing among our clients,” says Christina Ho, Senior Brand & LAM Manager at Laser Clinics Canada. “With several price points available, the kits offer excellent value and suit a variety of gift-giving needs, from those new to cosmeceuticals to those looking to level up their skincare routine. What’s more, these kits are priced with a savings of up to 33 per cent so gift givers can save during the holiday season.

There are two kits to select from, each designed to address key skin concerns and each with a unique theme — Brightening Basics and Hydration Heroes.

Brightening Basics is a mix of everyday essentials for glowing skin for all skin types. The bundle comes in a sleek pink, reusable case and includes three full-sized products: 200ml gentle cleanser, 50ml Moisture Defence (normal skin) and 30ml1% Hyaluronic Complex Serum. The Brightening Basics kit is available at $129, a saving of 33 per cent.

Hydration Heroes is a mix of hydration essentials and active heroes that cater to a wide variety of clients. A perfect stocking stuffer, this bundle includes four deluxe products: Moisture 15 15 ml Defence for normal skin, 10 ml 1% Hyaluronic Complex Serum, 10 ml Retinol Serum and 50 ml Expert Squalane Cleansing Oil. The kit retails at $59.

In addition to the 2024 Holiday Gifts Kits, gift givers can easily add a Laser Clinic Canada gift card to the mix. Offering flexibility, recipients can choose from a wide range of treatments offered by Laser Clinics Canada, or they can expand their collection of exclusive Skinstitut products.

 

Brightening Basics 2024 Holiday Gift Kit by Skinstitut, available exclusively at Laser Clincs Canada clinics and online at skinstitut.ca.

Hydration Heroes 2024 Holiday Gift Kit by Skinstitut – available exclusively at Laser Clincs Canada clinics and online at skinstitut.ca.

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Here is how to prepare your online accounts for when you die

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LONDON (AP) — Most people have accumulated a pile of data — selfies, emails, videos and more — on their social media and digital accounts over their lifetimes. What happens to it when we die?

It’s wise to draft a will spelling out who inherits your physical assets after you’re gone, but don’t forget to take care of your digital estate too. Friends and family might treasure files and posts you’ve left behind, but they could get lost in digital purgatory after you pass away unless you take some simple steps.

Here’s how you can prepare your digital life for your survivors:

Apple

The iPhone maker lets you nominate a “ legacy contact ” who can access your Apple account’s data after you die. The company says it’s a secure way to give trusted people access to photos, files and messages. To set it up you’ll need an Apple device with a fairly recent operating system — iPhones and iPads need iOS or iPadOS 15.2 and MacBooks needs macOS Monterey 12.1.

For iPhones, go to settings, tap Sign-in & Security and then Legacy Contact. You can name one or more people, and they don’t need an Apple ID or device.

You’ll have to share an access key with your contact. It can be a digital version sent electronically, or you can print a copy or save it as a screenshot or PDF.

Take note that there are some types of files you won’t be able to pass on — including digital rights-protected music, movies and passwords stored in Apple’s password manager. Legacy contacts can only access a deceased user’s account for three years before Apple deletes the account.

Google

Google takes a different approach with its Inactive Account Manager, which allows you to share your data with someone if it notices that you’ve stopped using your account.

When setting it up, you need to decide how long Google should wait — from three to 18 months — before considering your account inactive. Once that time is up, Google can notify up to 10 people.

You can write a message informing them you’ve stopped using the account, and, optionally, include a link to download your data. You can choose what types of data they can access — including emails, photos, calendar entries and YouTube videos.

There’s also an option to automatically delete your account after three months of inactivity, so your contacts will have to download any data before that deadline.

Facebook and Instagram

Some social media platforms can preserve accounts for people who have died so that friends and family can honor their memories.

When users of Facebook or Instagram die, parent company Meta says it can memorialize the account if it gets a “valid request” from a friend or family member. Requests can be submitted through an online form.

The social media company strongly recommends Facebook users add a legacy contact to look after their memorial accounts. Legacy contacts can do things like respond to new friend requests and update pinned posts, but they can’t read private messages or remove or alter previous posts. You can only choose one person, who also has to have a Facebook account.

You can also ask Facebook or Instagram to delete a deceased user’s account if you’re a close family member or an executor. You’ll need to send in documents like a death certificate.

TikTok

The video-sharing platform says that if a user has died, people can submit a request to memorialize the account through the settings menu. Go to the Report a Problem section, then Account and profile, then Manage account, where you can report a deceased user.

Once an account has been memorialized, it will be labeled “Remembering.” No one will be able to log into the account, which prevents anyone from editing the profile or using the account to post new content or send messages.

X

It’s not possible to nominate a legacy contact on Elon Musk’s social media site. But family members or an authorized person can submit a request to deactivate a deceased user’s account.

Passwords

Besides the major online services, you’ll probably have dozens if not hundreds of other digital accounts that your survivors might need to access. You could just write all your login credentials down in a notebook and put it somewhere safe. But making a physical copy presents its own vulnerabilities. What if you lose track of it? What if someone finds it?

Instead, consider a password manager that has an emergency access feature. Password managers are digital vaults that you can use to store all your credentials. Some, like Keeper,Bitwarden and NordPass, allow users to nominate one or more trusted contacts who can access their keys in case of an emergency such as a death.

But there are a few catches: Those contacts also need to use the same password manager and you might have to pay for the service.

___

Is there a tech challenge you need help figuring out? Write to us at onetechtip@ap.org with your questions.

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Pediatric group says doctors should regularly screen kids for reading difficulties

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The Canadian Paediatric Society says doctors should regularly screen children for reading difficulties and dyslexia, calling low literacy a “serious public health concern” that can increase the risk of other problems including anxiety, low self-esteem and behavioural issues, with lifelong consequences.

New guidance issued Wednesday says family doctors, nurses, pediatricians and other medical professionals who care for school-aged kids are in a unique position to help struggling readers access educational and specialty supports, noting that identifying problems early couldhelp kids sooner — when it’s more effective — as well as reveal other possible learning or developmental issues.

The 10 recommendations include regular screening for kids aged four to seven, especially if they belong to groups at higher risk of low literacy, including newcomers to Canada, racialized Canadians and Indigenous Peoples. The society says this can be done in a two-to-three-minute office-based assessment.

Other tips encourage doctors to look for conditions often seen among poor readers such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; to advocate for early literacy training for pediatric and family medicine residents; to liaise with schools on behalf of families seeking help; and to push provincial and territorial education ministries to integrate evidence-based phonics instruction into curriculums, starting in kindergarten.

Dr. Scott McLeod, one of the authors and chair of the society’s mental health and developmental disabilities committee, said a key goal is to catch kids who may be falling through the cracks and to better connect families to resources, including quicker targeted help from schools.

“Collaboration in this area is so key because we need to move away from the silos of: everything educational must exist within the educational portfolio,” McLeod said in an interview from Calgary, where he is a developmental pediatrician at Alberta Children’s Hospital.

“Reading, yes, it’s education, but it’s also health because we know that literacy impacts health. So I think that a statement like this opens the window to say: Yes, parents can come to their health-care provider to get advice, get recommendations, hopefully start a collaboration with school teachers.”

McLeod noted that pediatricians already look for signs of low literacy in young children by way of a commonly used tool known as the Rourke Baby Record, which offers a checklist of key topics, such as nutrition and developmental benchmarks, to cover in a well-child appointment.

But he said questions about reading could be “a standing item” in checkups and he hoped the society’s statement to medical professionals who care for children “enhances their confidence in being a strong advocate for the child” while spurring partnerships with others involved in a child’s life such as teachers and psychologists.

The guidance said pediatricians also play a key role in detecting and monitoring conditions that often coexist with difficulty reading such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, but McLeod noted that getting such specific diagnoses typically involves a referral to a specialist, during which time a child continues to struggle.

He also acknowledged that some schools can be slow to act without a specific diagnosis from a specialist, and even then a child may end up on a wait list for school interventions.

“Evidence-based reading instruction shouldn’t have to wait for some of that access to specialized assessments to occur,” he said.

“My hope is that (by) having an existing statement or document written by the Canadian Paediatric Society … we’re able to skip a few steps or have some of the early interventions present,” he said.

McLeod added that obtaining specific assessments from medical specialists is “definitely beneficial and advantageous” to know where a child is at, “but having that sort of clear, thorough assessment shouldn’t be a barrier to intervention starting.”

McLeod said the society was partly spurred to act by 2022’s “Right to Read Inquiry Report” from the Ontario Human Rights Commission, which made 157 recommendations to address inequities related to reading instruction in that province.

He called the new guidelines “a big reminder” to pediatric providers, family doctors, school teachers and psychologists of the importance of literacy.

“Early identification of reading difficulty can truly change the trajectory of a child’s life.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 23, 2024.

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