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Economic migrants to Quebec must speak and write French, premier Legault says

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Quebec Premier Francois Legault presents new programs on immigration at a news conference on May 25 at the Legislature in Quebec City.Karoline Boucher/The Canadian Press

Economic migrants to Quebec will have to be able to speak and write French, Premier François Legault announced Thursday, saying he has a responsibility to protect the province’s francophone identity.

Unveiling the strict language requirements at a National Assembly press conference, Mr. Legault said the move was a bid to halt the decline in French in Quebec.

“In the last 10, 15, 20 years, we see the percentage of people speaking French is decreasing so we have to do something,” he said. “I think it’s important that we request that they speak French before being accepted.”

All but economic immigrants with exceptional talents or a unique expertise, who might include doctors, will be subject to the language bar to entry, he said.

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Currently migration is based on a points-based system, recognizing skills and qualifications, with extra credit for speaking French.

Hady Anne, Quebec spokesman for Solidarity Across Borders, which represents migrants, said the new policy could restrict the number of skilled migrant workers Quebec businesses have been calling for. He said the province should work on retaining francophone migrants already working there and those who have learned French since arriving.

“A lot of migrants are not attracted by Quebec. They come here and move to other provinces because they have a negative experience there,” he said. “They should give migrants a chance to show their skills and then develop a love for the language.”

Mr. Legault revealed he is also considering increasing the province’s annual target of 50,000 immigrants a year to 60,000 by 2027. He said he was launching a consultation on keeping the current 50,000 target or raising it incrementally, and wanted to hear what Quebeckers, including experts, thought.

The announcement is a departure from his position during the provincial election last fall. During a debate on immigration targets, Mr. Legault said it would be “a bit suicidal” for Quebec to welcome more than 50,000 immigrants a year because it would make it difficult to properly integrate newcomers and teach them French. The comment provoked a backlash from the opposition Liberals and Québec solidaire during the campaign.

He said Quebec has full control over choosing economic migrants, who account for 65 per cent of newcomers to the province.

“In the future – this is the first time we’ve done this in the history of Quebec – to be eligible to make an application to emigrate to Quebec you will have to have a proficiency in French,” Mr. Legault said.

He said his Coalition Avenir Québec government will reverse the decline in French “and when I retire I’ll be very proud of that.”

“We will be able to actually stop the decline of French,” he said. “We’ll be able to make sure that our kids and our grandkids are able to continue to live in a French-speaking Quebec.”

He said the French language is “the heart” of the Quebec nation. Some former Quebec governments had not been demanding enough in insisting that newcomers have a knowledge of the language.

“Unfortunately since many years now we see the percentage of francophones in Quebec decreasing,” he said. “In fact, on the island of Montreal right now we’re at 48 per cent of francophones at home, so I think that if we want to make sure long term that we still speak French in Quebec, it’s important that we stop this decrease and start seeing an increase in percentage of francophones.”

He said it would be possible for people without French as a first language, such as Spanish speakers from South America, to qualify for entry if they learn French before applying to move to Quebec. The province is to carry out a recruitment drive in francophone countries and Latin America to attract skilled economic migrants.

Earlier this month, the Quebec Premier rejected Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s plan to allow 500,000 permanent immigrants to settle in Canada by 2025.

Mr. Legault said there would be “no question” of Quebec accepting such a big number, saying it is important to properly integrate and house immigrants.

The Quebec legislature adopted a motion declaring Ottawa’s plan incompatible with protecting French in Quebec. The motion said that “it is up to Quebec alone to make its own choices” on immigration.

 

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Economy

China’s economy is raising red flags across markets as rebound disappoints

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Financial markets have been raising red flags recently about China’s economy, but analysts said Wall Street is missing the big picture.

Growth in the world’s second largest economy accelerated to 4.5% in the first quarter from 2.9% in the fourth quarter following the relaxation of COVID restrictions late last year.

But more recent data have pointed to slowing growth in retail sales as well as drops in home sales, industrial production and fixed-asset investment.

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That disappointed investors hoping for a bigger post-COVID rebound and led Wall Street to trim its growth estimates for the full year. Worries about China’s economy have rippled through markets.

Earlier this month, the yuan fell past a psychologically important level of 7 per dollar for the first time this year. The price of copper, once expected to see sizable gains due to high demand from Chinese factories, hit a four-month low in mid-May.

Meanwhile, shares of luxury brands that are reliant on China’s consumer base, have started tumbling on stagnant activity.

Chinese equity markets were not immune to slowing performance, as the CSI 300 index continued to slip this week. At the end of April, declining hopes for added stimulus brought the Shenzhen and Shanghai indices down by $519 billion in one week alone.

The stalling performance prompted Rockefeller International’s Ruchir Sharma to call the rebound narrative a “charade.”

But for one analyst, the growing pessimism around China’s economy could stem more from unrealistically high expectations and Wall Street’s tendency to prioritize immediate metrics over long-term outlooks.

“I feel sorry for these people in some ways, because every time the Chinese release some data, they have to say something about it,” Nicholas Lardy of the Peterson Institute for International Economics told Insider.

Heightened anticipations may be due to China’s response to the 2008 financial crisis, when Beijing infused the economy with massive stimulus and achieved double-digit growth, Pantheon Macroeconomics’ Duncan Wrigley said.

However, it also led to a huge debt hangover that China has worked to resolve for much of the last decade. So while demand is slowing, limiting debt growth is equally prioritized by party leaders, he said.

The country set a more conservative 5% growth target in March, which both analysts see as achievable. Although the country will avoid full-scale stimulus to reach the goal, it has a number of tools to ensure growth keeps ticking upwards.

Despite its aim to limit debt, China could increase the availability of cheap loans to sectors in need, as well as lift the lending quota for the three main policy banks, while allowing them to invest in local projects, Wrigley said.

If this isn’t enough, he noted that the People’s Bank of China could ease financial conditions later in the year, such as decreasing the reserve requirement ratio for banks.

But youth unemployment remains high, while heightened geopolitical risk may deny China’s access to foreign technology.

And private investment, a major source of growth in China, has nearly collapsed in the past 15 months, Lardy said.

This may have to do with stringent regulation of Chinese business, as President Xi Jinping expands the role of the state in the market, dissuading business owners from investing in their firms, he said.

“That’s the one big negative factor that I worry about more than all the other things that we have talked about. Why is private investment so weak?” he said.

 

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Quebec proposes making French mandatory for all economic immigration programs

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Quebec is proposing that speaking French become mandatory criteria for provincial applicants.

Quebec Premier Francois Legault has proposed major changes to Quebec’s economic immigration criteria.

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Speaking on May 25 with the Minister of Immigration, Francisation and Integration, Christine Frechette and the Minister of the French Language, Jean-François Roberge, Legault says the changes will ensure that nearly 100% of new economic immigrants to Quebec will know French before they arrive in the province by 2026. This is meant to promote Francophone economic immigration in Quebec.

“As we have seen for several years, French is in decline in Quebec,” said Legault. “Since 2018, our government has acted to protect our language, more than other successive governments since the adoption of Bill 101 under the Lévesque government. But if we want to reverse the trend, we must go further. By 2026, our goal is to have almost entirely Francophone economic immigration. We all have a duty, as Quebecers, to speak French, to transmit our culture on a daily basis, and to be proud of it.”

Discover if You Are Eligible for Canadian Immigration

Knowledge of oral French will be required for adults. This is meant to ensure that those who wish to settle in Quebec will be able to communicate in French throughout day-to-day interactions at work and in their communities.

The changes are part of a new permanent immigration program for skilled workers in Quebec. The province says the Skilled Worker Selection Program will “take into account the diverse needs of Quebec.”

Candidates in the program will be evaluated in four categories that have not yet been made clear, but the province says that three of the categories will require that the principal applicant and their accompanying spouse have knowledge of French.

There will also be revisions to existing programs. For example, the work experience requirement will be removed from the Quebec Experience Program for graduate students from a French-language study program.

Family reunification measures include making it mandatory for the guarantor to submit a plan for reception and integration that will support the learning of French for the person they are hosting.

Immigration is a shared responsibility between the federal and provincial governments. Quebec’s agreement is unique from other provinces in that it can select all its economic immigrants. Quebec does not have the authority to select family class sponsorship applicants or those who arrive in Canada as refugees or other humanitarian classes.

For 2023, Quebec has targeted that 65% of newcomers admitted to the province will be economic class.

Increasing immigration numbers in Quebec

The province is also considering raising the number of permanent selection admissions from 50,000 to 60,000 per year by 2027. This is in stark contrast to Legault’s recent comments that there was “no question” of Quebec accepting any rise in the number of newcomers and publicly rejecting the federal Immigration Levels Plan, which has a target of 500,000 permanent residents admitted to Canada each year by the end of 2025.

These changes also follow Quebec’s Immigration Levels Plan for 2023, where it was announced that the province would move away from plans that forecast only the coming year and begin introducing multi-year plans for immigration by 2024.

Why the changes?

Quebec is unique in Canada as it is the only province where French is the official language. The province is fiercely protective of its language, saying it is vital to protecting Quebec’s unique culture and status.

Legault is the leader of the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) and is currently in his second term as Quebec’s premier, having been reelected last October. One of the main pillars of the CAQ party is to protect the French language in Quebec.

Immigration was one of the key issues in the recent election. Throughout his campaign, Legault said that Quebec would allow only 50,000 immigrants per year into the province as it would be difficult to accommodate and integrate more than that into Quebec society. He said that accepting more than that would be “a bit suicidal.”

Regardless, Quebec, like the rest of Canada, is experiencing a labour shortage as the population ages and the birth rate remains low. A report released last March by the Canadian Federation of Independent Business shows that the province could face an annual shortfall of up to nearly 18,000 immigrants, who would be able to fill Quebec’s labour needs.

 

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Economy

Lira hits record low, but stocks rise after Erdogan win in Turkey

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The Turkish leader won the presidency for a third time after a run-off vote on Sunday.

The Turkish lira has plunged to record lows after the re-election of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, a sign that currency markets are not confident in the country’s economic future after the longtime leader’s re-election.

The Turkish currency weakened to 20.01 to the dollar on Monday after the high-stakes run-off a day earlier.

But Turkish stocks, on the other hand, rose as Erdogan entered a third decade in power with the benchmark BIST-100 index up 3.5 percent and the banking index rising more than 1 percent.

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The lira fell to a record low as the country battles a cost of living crisis and depleted foreign reserves.

On the campaign trail, Erdogan pledged to slash inflation to single digits and boost economic growth, a message he reiterated in his victory speech late on Sunday. But analysts said his economic policies are unorthodox and predicted they will lead to more pain for Turks.

“In our view, Erdogan’s biggest challenge is Turkey’s economy,” Roger Mark, an analyst at the Ninety One investment management firm told the Reuters news agency. “His victory comes against a backdrop of perilous economic imbalances with his heterodox economic model proving increasingly unsustainable”.

Hasnain Malik, head of equity research at Tellimer, an emerging markets research firm, told the agency: “An Erdogan win offers no comfort for any foreign investor.”

“Only the most optimistic would hope that Erdogan now feels sufficiently secure politically to revert to orthodox economic policy,” he said.

Interest rate cuts sought by Erdogan sparked a devaluation of the Turkish lira in late 2021 and sent inflation to a 24-year peak of 85.5 percent last year. The president had argued that higher interest rates cause inflation while central banks around the world were raising rates to reduce price rises.

Turkey’s struggling economy, also reeling after the country’s devastating double earthquakes in February, was a major thorn in Erdogan’s prospect for re-election.

The leader has defended his economic policies, reassuring Turks that investment, production, exports and an eventual current account surplus will drive up Turkey’s gross domestic product.

 

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