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How politics have played a big role in the release of prisoners – Phys.org

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Throughout the course of history, it’s usually been politics — not compassion — that’s resulted in prison releases of the type we’ve seen during COVID-19. Credit: Piqsels

As governments around the world responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, they released prisoners in large numbers. The scale and scope of these releases are unprecedented, but this phenomenon is not new.

The of prisoners is usually due to clemency measures, legal instruments that reduce or revoke punishments. Nearly all societies throughout history have had some form of clemency—commonly called “mercy”—in their justice systems. Pardons or amnesties, which have different meanings in different contexts, are examples of clemency measures that can result in early release.

Typically, those in executive positions have the power to grant clemency. In England, for example, the Royal Prerogative of Mercy originated in the medieval period and was based on the idea that the sovereign had the power to take away or spare a life.

By the 19th century, the use of the death penalty had decreased significantly and clemency measures focused more on incarceration. This became an increasingly global phenomenon as prisons and western legal systems were forcibly spread through colonialism.

Clemency in Canada

Canada, for example, still has the Royal Prerogative of Mercy. It is rarely used and typically benefits individuals rather than groups.

In the past year, there have been calls for the mass release of non-violent Indigenous offenders in Canada. This has continued during COVID-19.

These calls are tied to wider efforts to reduce the over-representation of Indigenous people in Canada’s prisons—a situation deeply tied to settler colonialism. If such releases occur, they would represent a major departure from past policy.

Mass releases throughout history

Prisoner releases have become a regular but selectively used feature of legal systems worldwide. Historical examples demonstrate the range of motivations for these releases but also reveal some persistent patterns.

Pandemics have prompted releases in the past. During the cholera pandemic in the 1830s, 75 prisoners from Wakefield Prison in England were released to relieve overcrowding and slow the spread of the disease.

In Boston, naval officials offered prisoners pardons if they agreed to undergo medical experiments during the 1918 influenza pandemic—one of many unethical prison experiments throughout history. In most cases, prisoners have been forced to remain in custody, with disastrous results.

Many releases have been tied to significant events. To celebrate the Allied victory in the Second World War, Josef Stalin released more than 600,000 prisoners from the Gulag. In the past few decades, Cuba has freed thousands of prisoners in connection with visits from the Pope.

Releases have also occurred on annual occasions, such as Bastille Day in France, New Year’s celebrations in Myanmar and Independence Day celebrations in Kenya.

Governments often release prisoners during moments of tension or transition. In 1919, King George V declared a royal amnesty for political prisoners in India to encourage them to work with rather than resist the colonial state.

Upon taking power in Uganda through a coup in 1971, Idi Amin released political prisoners incarcerated by the previous government. When South Africa dismantled apartheid rule in the early 1990s, many political prisoners—including Nelson Mandela—were released.

While governments celebrate these releases as signs of their humanity, these acts typically benefit a narrow range of prisoners.

In 1945, political prisoners like Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn remained in the Gulag. When Amin freed political prisoners in 1971, his government was newly detaining many Ugandans. In South Africa, many prisoners not categorized as political remained behind bars at the end of apartheid. They protested their continued imprisonment, arguing that their crimes were due to the structural violence of apartheid.

Past, present and future

What can we learn from this history?

First, it reminds us that the release of prisoners is nothing new. Clemency is a longstanding feature of legal systems that has served many purposes.

Second, releases are generally motivated by political rather than compassionate concerns. Governments often release prisoners when it’s beneficial to them or when they face pressure from activist organizations and the public. By controlling releases, leaders can try to deflect criticism, improve their image and reinforce their power.

Third, the release of prisoners benefits the individuals affected, but it is often a selective and politicized act. This persists today. U.S. President Donald Trump has recently pardoned high-profile offenders known to support him, while millions of Americans remain behind bars in the world’s largest system of mass incarceration.

Historically, prison releases have been isolated acts that have not fundamentally challenged the prison system itself.

But we are in unprecedented times. Many have pointed out that the COVID-19 releases could be a step towards widespread decarceration and the abolition of prisons.

The pandemic represents an important opportunity to think critically about the place of prisons and other penal institutions in our societies. COVID-19 could spark systemic change.


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Inaction and slow response contributed to the spread of Covid-19 in UK prisons


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Harris tells Black churchgoers that people must show compassion and respect in their lives

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STONECREST, Ga. (AP) — Kamala Harris told the congregation of a large Black church in suburban Atlanta on Sunday that people must show compassion and respect in their daily lives and do more than just “preach the values.”

The Democratic presidential nominee’s visit to New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Stonecrest on her 60th birthday, marked by a song by the congregation, was part of a broad, nationwide campaign, known as “Souls to the Polls,” that encourages Black churchgoers to vote.

Pastor Jamal Bryant said the vice president was “an American hero, the voice of the future” and “our fearless leader.” He also used his sermon to welcome the idea of America electing a woman for the first time as president. “It takes a real man to support a real woman,” Bryant said.

“When Black women roll up their sleeves, then society has got to change,” the pastor said.

Harris told the parable of the Good Samaritan from the Gospel of Luke, about a man who was traveling from Jerusalem to Jericho and was attacked by robbers. The traveler was beaten and left bloodied, but helped by a stranger.

All faiths promote the idea of loving thy neighbor, Harris said, but far harder to achieve is truly loving a stranger as if that person were a neighbor.

“In this moment, across our nation, what we do see are some who try to deepen division among us, spread hate, sow fear and cause chaos,” Harris told the congregation. “The true measure of the strength of a leader is based on who you lift up.”

She was more somber than during her political rallies, stressing that real faith means defending humanity. She said the Samaritan parable reminds people that “it is not enough to preach the values of compassion and respect. We must live them.”

Harris ended by saying, “Weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning,” as attendees applauded her.

Many in attendance wore pink to promote breast cancer awareness. Also on hand was Opal Lee, an activist in the movement to make Juneteenth a federally recognized holiday. Harris hugged her.

The vice president also has a midday stop at Divine Faith Ministries International in Jonesboro with singer Stevie Wonder, before taping an interview with the Rev. Al Sharpton that will air later Sunday on MSNBC. The schedule reflects her campaign’s push to treat every voting group like a swing state voter, trying to appeal to them all in a tightly contested election with early voting in progress.

Harris’ running mate, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, headed to church in Saginaw, Michigan, and his wife, Gwen, was going to a service in Las Vegas.

The “Souls to the Polls” effort launched last week and is led by the National Advisory Board of Black Faith Leaders, which is sending representatives across battleground states as early voting begins in the Nov. 5 election.

“My father used to say, a ‘voteless people is a powerless people’ and one of the most important steps we can take is that short step to the ballot box,” Martin Luther King III said Friday. “When Black voters are organized and engaged, we have the power to shift the trajectory of this nation.”

On Saturday, the vice president rallied supporters in Detroit with singer Lizzo before traveling to Atlanta to focus on abortion rights, highlighting the death of a Georgia mother amid the state’s restrictive abortion laws that took effect after the U.S. Supreme Court, with three justices nominated by Donald Trump, overturned Roe v. Wade.

And after her Sunday push, she will campaign with former U.S. Rep. Liz Cheney, R-Wyo., in the suburbs of Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

“Donald Trump still refuses to take accountability, to take any accountability, for the pain and the suffering he has caused,” Harris said.

Harris is a Baptist whose husband, Doug Emhoff, is Jewish. She has said she’s inspired by the work of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., and influenced by the religious traditions of her mother’s native India as well as the Black Church. Harris sang in the choir as a child at Twenty Third Avenue Church of God in Oakland.

“Souls to the Polls” as an idea traces back to the Civil Rights Movement. The Rev. George Lee, a Black entrepreneur from Mississippi, was killed by white supremacists in 1955 after he helped nearly 100 Black residents register to vote in the town of Belzoni. The cemetery where Lee is buried has served as a polling place.

Black church congregations across the country have undertaken get-out-the-vote campaigns for years. In part to counteract voter suppression tactics that date back to the Jim Crow era, early voting in the Black community is stressed from pulpits nearly as much as it is by candidates.

In Georgia, early voting began on Tuesday, and more than 310,000 people voted on that day, more than doubling the first-day total in 2020. A record 5 million people voted in the 2020 presidential election in Georgia.

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This story has been corrected to reflect that the mobilization effort launched last week, not Oct. 20.

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NDP and B.C. Conservatives locked in tight battle after rain-drenched election day

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VANCOUVER – Predictions of a close election were holding true in British Columbia on Saturday, with early returns showing the New Democrats and the B.C. Conservatives locked in a tight battle.

Both NDP Leader David Eby and Conservative Leader John Rustad retained their seats, while Green Leader Sonia Furstenau lost to the NDP’s Grace Lore after switching ridings to Victoria-Beacon Hill.

However, the Greens retained their place in the legislature after Rob Botterell won in Saanich North and the Islands, previously occupied by party colleague Adam Olsen, who did not seek re-election.

It was a rain-drenched election day in much of the province.

Voters braved high winds and torrential downpours brought by an atmospheric river weather system that forced closures of several polling stations due to power outages.

Residents faced a choice for the next government that would have seemed unthinkable just a few months ago, between the incumbent New Democrats led by Eby and Rustad’s B.C. Conservatives, who received less than two per cent of the vote last election

Among the winners were the NDP’s Housing Minister Ravi Kahlon in Delta North and Attorney General Niki Sharma in Vancouver-Hastings, as well as the Conservatives Bruce Banman in Abbotsford South and Brent Chapman in Surrey South.

Chapman had been heavily criticized during the campaign for an old social media post that called Palestinian children “inbred” and “time bombs.”

Results came in quickly, as promised by Elections BC, with electronic vote tabulation being used provincewide for the first time.

The election authority expected the count would be “substantially complete” by 9 p.m., one hour after the close of polls.

Six new seats have been added since the last provincial election, and to win a majority, a party must secure 47 seats in the 93-seat legislature.

There had already been a big turnout before election day on Saturday, with more than a million advance votes cast, representing more than 28 per cent of valid voters and smashing the previous record for early polling.

The wild weather on election day was appropriate for such a tumultuous campaign.

Once considered a fringe player in provincial politics, the B.C. Conservatives stand on the brink of forming government or becoming the official Opposition.

Rustad’s unlikely rise came after he was thrown out of the Opposition, then known as the BC Liberals, joined the Conservatives as leader, and steered them to a level of popularity that led to the collapse of his old party, now called BC United — all in just two years.

Rustad shared a photo on social media Saturday showing himself smiling and walking with his wife at a voting station, with a message saying, “This is the first time Kim and I have voted for the Conservative Party of BC!”

Eby, who voted earlier in the week, posted a message on social media Saturday telling voters to “grab an umbrella and stay safe.”

Two voting sites in Cariboo-Chilcotin in the B.C. Interior and one in Maple Ridge in the Lower Mainland were closed due to power cuts, Elections BC said, while several sites in Kamloops, Langley and Port Moody, as well as on Hornby, Denman and Mayne islands, were temporarily shut but reopened by mid-afternoon.

Some former BC United MLAs running as Independents were defeated, with Karin Kirkpatrick, Dan Davies, Coralee Oakes and Tom Shypitka all losing to Conservatives.

Kirkpatrick had said in a statement before the results came in that her campaign had been in touch with Elections BC about the risk of weather-related disruptions, and was told that voting tabulation machines have battery power for four hours in the event of an outage.

— With files from Brenna Owen

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 19, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Breakingnews: B.C. Conservative Leader John Rustad elected in his riding

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VANDERHOOF, B.C. – British Columbia Conservative Leader John Rustad has been re-elected in his riding of Nechako Lakes.

Rustad was kicked out of the Opposition BC United Party for his support on social media of an outspoken climate change critic in 2022, and last year was acclaimed as the B.C. Conservative leader.

Buoyed by the BC United party suspending its campaign, and the popularity of Pierre Poilievre’s federal Conservatives, Rustad led his party into contention in the provincial election.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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