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Inuit 15 times more likely to be jailed in Quebec than the provincial average

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Osman Ilgun was arrested in September 2021 and soon transferred to a detention centre 1,500 kilometres away from his home in the Inuit community of Quaqtaq in Quebec’s Nunavik region.

At the jail in Amos, Que., he was fed raw food — he says he believes guards stereotypically assumed Inuit people eat raw meat. He said he was forced to quarantine for 28 days, adding he had limited access to showers and phone calls with family during that time.

“My mother, she was so worried because I didn’t have access to the phone to tell her what’s going on,” said Ilgun, who was charged with sexual assault. He has pleaded not guilty and is awaiting trial.

Ilgun was one of the 617 Inuit people admitted to a Quebec jail in the 12 months ending March 31, 2022. That number represents 4.5 per cent of the 13,613 Inuit living in the province — a rate 15 times higher than the average incarceration rate in Quebec, provincial data shows. It’s also a rate almost twice as high as that of any other Indigenous group in the province.

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The disproportionate detention rates for the Inuit are a result of an “outraging lack of resources that would not be tolerated anywhere else in Quebec,” said David Boudreau, a legal aid lawyer who has been working in the province’s North for more than five years.

Boudreau said programs aimed at preventing crime and diverting offenders from the justice system are often not available in Quebec’s Nunavik region, home to the majority of Inuit who live in the province.

Sexual education programs and services to help people heal from trauma have been lacking in the region for decades, “which leads to that never-ending cycle of abuse,” he said. Nunavik courts handle many sexual abuse cases, but treatment programs open to offenders in southern Quebec aren’t available to those living in the North, he added.

Often, the only professional support accessible to residents is provided by social workers who usually come from the south and are “often” asked to address problems beyond their professional capacity, Boudreau said.

As a result, he said, Inuit offenders are more likely to be jailed rather than sentenced to house arrest or given conditional sentences.

“Judges are truly sensitive to the lack of resources, but it’s beyond their power to do anything about it,” he said. “They have to work with what they have … What’s missing is political will to try and put in place some programs that are ultimately going to help reduce the criminality rate.”

Inuit represent slightly more than 0.16 per cent of Quebec’s population but accounted for 2.45 per cent of provincial detainees during the year ending March 31, 2022.

Mylène Jaccoud, a criminology professor at Université de Montréal who studies the criminalization of Indigenous people in Quebec, said that while non-Inuit Indigenous Peoples are over-represented in provincial jails, there’s an “over, over-representation of Inuit.”

Data from the federal and provincial governments show 12.4 per cent of Indigenous people in Quebec are Inuit, but they accounted for 35 per cent of Indigenous people in provincial custody in the year ending March 31, 2022.

Jaccoud said the 1975 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement gave the Inuit a level of self-government. But that self-governing process isn’t as advanced in the North as it is in other Indigenous communities, such as the Cree territories, she said.

“The Cree have taken charge of their administration of justice, while the Inuit have not. That’s a big difference,” Jaccoud said, adding that most police officers in the region aren’t Inuit. Of the 88 officers who worked at the Nunavik Police Service in May 2022, only four were Inuit, while about 90 per cent of the people they serve are Inuit.

The Nunavik Police Service declined an interview request.

There is no jail in the North, so detainees are usually sent to Amos, Que., more than 1,000 kilometres south of Nunavik’s largest community of Kuujjuaq.

A 2022 class-action lawsuit filed against the provincial government on behalf of more than 1,500 Inuit detainees alleges the rights of Inuit are systematically violated when they are transferred long distances from home.

The lawsuit has been authorized by a judge and alleges the length of time Inuit people are often detained before bail hearings is unconstitutional; they are often flown to Montreal before they are driven around 600 kilometres northwest to Amos. The suit also alleges that Inuit detainees are frequently strip searched during the multiple stages of the journey to Amos and often plead guilty to charges in order to get out of extended pretrial detentions.

Ilgun, who worked as a firefighter and paramedic for 15 years, said he was left with post-traumatic stress disorder after he was unable to save a relative who had suffered a serious injury. A colleague underwent similar trauma and took his own life, he said.

He said provincial regulations stipulate that first responders — as a way to protect their mental health — shouldn’t provide medical treatment to family members. But in a small community like his, emergency workers may find themselves alone at the scene, or with a single partner, and there isn’t time to wait for someone else to arrive.

“I wasn’t getting help and I became an alcoholic and I turned violent because of my past trauma,” he said. “We can prevent that if the government provides us healing and support.”

The Makivik Corporation, which represents Inuit in negotiations with various levels of government, did not respond to multiple requests for comment. The office of Quebec’s minister responsible for relations with First Nations and Inuit, Ian Lafrenière, directed questions to the Public Security Department. Public Security Minister François Bonnardel declined to comment for this story.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published on Feb. 26, 2023.

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Air Canada: Wheelchair storage issue prompts complaint – CTV News

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Flying over the Grand Canyon was a highlight for the Gellisen family during their trip to Phoenix — but their flight home to Toronto was a much different experience, with several family members forced off of the flight over tensions related to a teen’s wheelchair.

Now, the family is speaking out about the experience, saying that Air Canada needs to make amends for the way they were treated.

When preparing for a trip, Kadey Schultz knows to check ahead of time what the accommodations are for wheelchairs.

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Her son, Emery, has Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a rare disease that mostly affects boys. It means that he can only walk short distances.

In order to conserve his energy, he uses a wheelchair the rest of the time.

“I primarily use it at school to get in between classes,” he told CTV National News. “Because … I need to save the muscles for more important things, like making the heart beat and stuff.”

Without the wheelchair, he can only walk a few blocks before needing to take a break.

To Emery, his wheelchair is considered an extension of his body, so his mother spent hours arranging for the wheelchair to be stowed in cabin.

“We had made all the arrangements with Air Canada for mobility requirements for Emery’s wheelchair in advance,” Schultz said. “I had spoken with Air Canada on the telephone as well as emailed with them.”

They had received an email from Air Canada with the U.S. regulations and measurement requirements and confirmed that Emery’s chair met them.

But when they got to the gate and met with an Air Canada employee to make the arrangements for Emery to board the airplane and have his chair stowed properly, the careful plan began to unravel.

“One of the flight attendants said that she would not make the closet available for Emery’s wheelchair. And I asked her, ‘Why not?’ And she said because she had stuff in it,” Schultz said.

It turned out that there had been a mixup with the dimensions of Emery’s chair during the email communications, and Schultz was told to deal with gate staff to clear up the problem.

But she says that staff at the gate and crew on the flight were unaccommodating, refusing to look at documents that demonstrated Emery’s wheelchair had been approved to be stored in cabin and met the requirements.

“They had no training. The flight attendant, who was so difficult and retaliatory with me, she actually said, ‘I don’t know what you’re talking about, I’ve never heard of this before,’ which is why I offered her the email,” Schultz said.

She says the employee would not look at the email from Air Canada about the requirements for accommodation, so she began reading it out loud.

Schultz was then told she wasn’t welcome on the flight, and says when her daughter asked for the attendant’s last name, she too was kicked off the plane.

She believes that a lack of training is one of the big problems.

“I think that when people don’t know what they’re doing, and feel intimidated, that they can lash out,” she said.

“The reason why we never ever want to put Emery’s wheelchair down below when it can be avoided is because it gets damaged. And these wheelchairs costs so many thousands of dollars and they are not luggage. They are part of the user’s body.”

Emery was able to remain on that flight home with his dad, but only after his mother pleaded with staff to let them fly home, she said, citing medical reasons as well as his birthday party, which was set to occur in Toronto the next day.

Emery turns 16 on Monday, and celebrated on Sunday. Schultz and her daughter almost missed his party because they had to take a new flight the next day.

“It was kind of frustrating and I did not enjoy it,” Emery said about the situation. “I’m usually the person at the airport that’s cool as a cucumber but like, that’s kind of hard to be cool when a frustrating (thing) like that happens.”

Air Canada says it will be following up with the customer directly, and that, “Generally, we fully appreciate the importance of mobility devices and make every effort to transport these devices safely in a manner convenient for customers.”

Emery said it was concerning to realize that even his mother, who has extensive experience in advocating for people with disabilities, had to “stand down in a situation like this.”

“I’m pretty sturdy, but it did upset me in a frustrating way, because I just want to travel in peace and not have any problems happen,” he said.

“Because I’m not the only one who has these … challenges. Other people use chairs too, and some of them don’t have moms like mine that can like stand up for them and fight for them and stuff and also that know their stuff.”

His mother is an award-winning litigation lawyer and disability advocate.

Schultz is acting as council for Maayan Ziv, a Toronto woman whose chair was damaged by Air Canada. Ziv, who has spinal muscular atrophy, went as far as bubble-wrapping her wheelchair before handing it over to staff before her flight in 2022, but still found it broken when the plane landed.

“I have to question whether Air Canada has a cultural problem,” Schultz said.

“I am concerned that Air Canada has a cultural problem in terms of its commitment to equity for people with disabilities. I’m concerned because this is a repetitive negative experience for people with disabilities, not just my family, and so is it coming from the top or is a lack of training and a lack of commitment to that training, I don’t know. But it’s rampant and it needs to stop.”

She said that families already have to deal with so much more stress to ensure a trip goes smoothly when a family member has a disability, and for all of that work to be thrown out at the gate of the airplane is hugely upsetting.

“Emery has a degenerative disease. We want Emery to live the fullest, most rich and successful and happy life that he can and we put in a tremendous amount of effort in order to make that happen,” she said. “To be able to go on a family holiday, we have to work three times harder to ensure that everything goes safely and smoothly.”

Schultz says she’d only fly with Air Canada again under certain assurances of how her family will be treated.

The transport minister has said major changes are coming this spring to strengthen the rules for passenger protection, something this family says is long overdue.

Schultz wants to ensure that no one else has to deal with “the fear that we experienced dealing with Air Canada, the uncertainty that we experienced, but also the loss of the time wrapping up our amazing family holiday.” 

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Those With Rare Diseases Need to Wait, as Usual

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Science has developed the ability to research, develop and create functional cures for many of our so-called “incurable diseases”, but having the ability to do something and actually doing it are two different things. Medicine has always suffered from a problem with “knowing-doing”. It is the difference between what a doctor actually does for a patient and what can be done with all that we know. Developmental breakthroughs in medicine are allowing doctors to do things they never could imagine before. Sometimes these break-thoughts don’t fit into businesses/governmental financial or regulatory systems, meaning that it can take a long time for patients to actually benefit, a time many patients may not have.

The National Institutes of Health in America invest more than $40 Billion in biomedical research each year, and the private sector twice as much. The discoveries are valued by all, but why is it so hard to use these discoveries?

Science’s ability to engineer medicines has far outpaced how these medicines are actually built, tested, and put into human beings. Artificial Intelligence has assisted the community by mapping the human genome in efforts to cure various diseases. The US Government defines rare diseases as those that affect fewer than 200,000 people in America. Some affect only a handful of people. There are over 7000 different rare diseases, with more than 30 million people in America diagnosed with one of them. That is 10% of the US population. So improving how society can find and care for these patients could have a great impact. Problem is that the health system is not flagging enough people with these diseases, while many individuals don’t even know what disease they may have, or that they indeed have a disease. A.I. steps up front to assist in the recognition, tracking, analyzing, and identifying of these patients through computer-programmed systems. Put one’s symptoms into the machine, and often voila, a point from which a doctor can begin his medical investigation and treatment. A diagnostic odyssey in each individual case.

Artificial Intelligence has a prominent place within our health system, including helping design new treatments, helping predict which treatment is better for which patient, and screening for rare diseases with suggested diagnoses to boot. Why are many with rare diseases often left out in the cold, to search on their own for a cure? Money! Simple.

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Who makes medicines, and invests millions in treatments and research for diseases? Pharmaceutical Firms.
What are they but profit centers for investment bankers, massive corporations, and a financial structure centered upon the shareholder, and not the average joe? Solutions can be found, but the willingness to spend way beyond what a firm can make in profits needs to be there. Sure our DNA is constantly changing, and evolving biologically. Making a drug that cures cancer, may cure some, but certainly not all forms since each person is unique, their biology specific to that person. Many doctors realize that their methods are much like witch Doctors, forever experimenting with the specific individual’s condition.

Our Health system is tied to our financial system. That is the root of it. So long as the doctors, hospitals, and researchers are tied to profit (our financial system) the necessary technology, research, and investment will not be found for those with rare diseases. I have a disease that has no cure. My immune system is attacking the tissue in my mouth. It is sorely painful, personally transformative, and damn if you could find a doctor who is a real expert in the field. Since it is rare, the institutions of the industry will not find proper medicine for its management, let alone its cure. I live with it, and the disease manages the way I eat, what I eat, how I clean my teeth, how I sleep, and interact with my partner too. This disease can transfer to another. Great eh!

For those of you who have or know of someone who has a rare disease, all I can say is to be patient. The present-day financial and healthcare systems need to change drastically, with governmental intervention in all aspects of research, planning, and manufacturing of medicines. Out of the hands who care for themselves, and hopefully into the hands of those who care about you and those you love.

Steven Kaszab
Bradford, Ontario
skaszab@yahoo.ca

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Canada is set for its largest alcohol tax increase yet. Here’s what to know

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Canadians could soon be paying around a quarter more for a 24-pack of beer thanks to the largest increase yet to a federal tax on alcohol.

The “escalator tax” is set to increase by 6.4 per cent on April 1 unless a change is announced before then, such as when the federal budget is revealed on March 28, according to food distribution professor at Dalhousie University, Sylvain Charlebois.

Charlebois told Global News that the tax, which was introduced in 2017, was designed to automatically increase over time based on the rate of inflation to avoid renegotiating it too often.

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Given the amount of inflation Canada has experienced recently, the tax is now set for its biggest increase ever, he noted. Last year, the tax went up 2.4 per cent.

And while a penny a beer might not sound like much of a hike, industry experts say it’s one more factor pushing up costs for producers and distributors that’s likely to have ripple effects on what consumers pay.

 

Breaking down the cost increase

Charlebois predicts the tax will increase the price of a single beer by one cent, while the finance ministry told Global News in a statement that the amount would be three-quarters of a cent. Charlebois said that the price increase would be visible immediately after the tax is scheduled to be implemented on April 1.

Beer Canada told Global News in a statement that the tax increase will bring up the price of a 12-pack by 10 cents. For a 750 ml bottle of wine, the price could increase close to three cents, according to figures from the Canadian Revenue Agency.

In a statement to the Canadian Press, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) said that a 750 ml bottle of a spirit of 40 per cent alcohol by volume (ABV) may increase 70 cents. Charlebois said that the tax may have a smaller impact on the price of craft beer since it is lower volume and usually at a higher price, but could affect larger manufacturers more.

The tax could have a ripple effect on costs, as well.

Beer Canada said since the tax is a production tax imposed on the brewer at the point and time of production, “it is then magnified by other fees and taxes imposed by distributors, retailers, and provinces, including sales taxes,” making the impact on a 12-pack likely closer to 20 cents.

Along with other inflation factors, beer retail prices are projected to rise 10 per cent in 2023, according to the organization.

Beer Canada notes there has been a 60-per cent increase in barley prices, 40-per cent increase in packaging costs, and a doubling of freight costs.

Industry group Restaurants Canada told Canadian Press it estimates the tax increase will cost Canada’s food-service industry about $750 million a year, with the average casual dining restaurant expected to pay an extra $30,000 towards alcohol.

The carbon tax is also set to increase April 1 to $65 a metric ton of carbon from $50, which Charlebois said could impact alcohol prices as well since most producers do not have completely green supply chains. In addition, provinces individually typically increase their tax on alcohol, as well.

Overall, the escalator tax alone will amount to an extra $125 million a year that Canadians will pay to the government.

“It’s just one tax people don’t need right now,” Charlebois said. “It doesn’t seem like much, but it’s more that the tax burden is only increasing.”

“It’s a lot of pressure,” he added.

 

Industry calls for no tax increase

There is still the possibility the tax could be scrapped, Sylvain said, as lobbyists are moving against it.

Beer Canada says that Canada has the highest alcohol taxes among G7 nations, with about half the cost of a typical can of beer going to taxes, while up to 80 per cent of a bottle of alcohol is taxed, according to Spirits Canada.

The organization is calling on the federal government to freeze current alcohol taxes until inflation reaches closer to the Bank of Canada’s two per cent target.

 

“It’s do or die time in terms of action,” CJ Hélie, president of Beer Canada, told Global News. “April 1 is right around the corner and the question will be, does the government’s actions live up to their commitment.”

On March 22, MPs voted 170 to 149 in favour of a motion calling on the government to cancel the alcohol tax increase, sponsored by Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre.

Helie told The Canadian Press that the escalator tax used to be “digestible” when it was around two per cent, but with more than triple the usual increase, it should now be reconsidered.

“When inflation is through the roof, we need to rethink this automatic formula,” Helie said. “The industry is already in dire straits. Using a rigid formula in a time like this is unacceptable.”

— with files from The Canadian Press

&copy 2023 Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc.

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