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Economy

Investors take note: The U.S. economy is in much better shape than Canada's – The Globe and Mail

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Canada and the United States have historically walked similar economic paths. The coming years, though, may see them take quite different journeys.

Investors should keep this in mind when planning their portfolios. We often hear that Canadian stocks are far cheaper than U.S. ones. That is true if you focus only on price-to-earnings ratios. Canadian stocks trade for about 12 times their expected earnings in 2024 compared to 18 times for their U.S. counterparts.

However, simple comparisons like this ignore the different trajectories of the two economies.

Canada is grappling with massive household debt, a metastasizing housing crisis and stagnant living standards.

The U.S. seems in considerably better shape. Granted, its yawning federal deficit remains a worry; so too is its poisonous politics. Despite all that, however, the U.S. economy retains a robust capacity to grow its output per capita, which is the necessary prerequisite for raising any country’s standard of living.

The recent performance of the two North American economies shows a stark contrast. In the U.S., economic output, or gross domestic product (GDP), bounded ahead in the third quarter at a 4.9-per-cent annualized pace. In Canada, economic growth slid to zero.

Investing like there’s no tomorrow

Could slow-growth Canada eventually catch a lift from its more vigorous neighbour? Let’s hope so. First, though, we have to work through the legacy of a couple of decades of bad decisions.

Our biggest vulnerability is our collective addiction to real estate and therefore to debt. On average, Canadian households are carrying $1.81 in mortgages and other loans for every $1 of disposable income, according to Statistics Canada. This is down slightly from recent highs, but is considerably higher than the norm 20 years ago.

Debt payments now consume nearly 15 per cent of Canadians’ disposable income – pretty much the same level that prevailed in Canada immediately before the financial crisis of 2008.

Americans were also deep in debt back then. Since the financial crisis, though, they have become a remarkably frugal bunch.

U.S. households now have only $1.02 in household debt for every dollar of disposable income, according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. They spend less than 10 per cent of their disposable income on servicing their debts, the Federal Reserve reckons.

The glaring difference in household debt levels means that U.S. households are better positioned than their Canadian counterparts to deal with today’s surging interest rates. So long as interest rates remain high in both countries, the U.S. is likely to continue outperforming Canada.

Certainly, Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell sounded optimistic this week about the state of the U.S. economy. He reiterated that the Fed, which dropped its recession forecast this summer, is still not seeing anything that looks like an impending downturn on the horizon.

The same cannot be said for Canada. Signs of weakness abound. For instance, real retail sales per person are declining, noted Eric Lascelles, chief economist for RBC Global Asset Management, in a report this week. He added that the Bank of Canada’s Business Outlook Survey continues to get worse with every reading and is now approaching the threshold it hit in past recessions.

“If not for booming population numbers, the [Canadian] economy would be shrinking at a meaningful clip,” the Conference Board of Canada wrote in a recent report.

To be sure, it’s possible that at least some of the current difference between the Canadian and U.S. economies is temporary. Perhaps the U.S. economy will slump in 2024 as higher interest rates bite and pandemic-era savings run out.

However, anyone who wants to dismiss the current growth gap between the two countries as nothing more than a passing blip should think again.

Consider GDP per capita – the amount of economic output for each person in each country. Only by increasing GDP per capita can a country sustainably improve its living standards.

Canada has not performed well on this score for years. While the U.S. has grown its GDP per capita by a cumulative 16 per cent over the past decade, Canada has managed only a 6 per cent increase.

One culprit for Canada’s lacklustre GDP per capita growth is our dismal rate of investment in capital stock – things such as machinery, factories and technology that can boost future productivity.

Canada’s productivity now ranks a mediocre 18th among OECD countries. Between 2000 and 2022, Canadian productivity diminished by 9 per cent, falling to roughly 72 per cent that of the U.S., according to Barry Cross, a business professor at Queen’s University in Kingston.

Turning this trend around is not a quick or easy job. Just for starters, governments have to encourage more investment in technology. They also have to unclog the obstacles that discourage building anything in Canada – from homes to pipelines to transit projects.

I hope Canada will eventually get it right. Until then, though, investors would be well advised to maintain a relatively high level of international diversification. Yes, Canadian stocks are cheap. Unfortunately, there are some good reasons for that cheapness.

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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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