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Life After the Covid Pandemic | FlaglerLive – FlaglerLive.com

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By Lawrence O. Gostin

After 2 years of a seemingly relentless pandemic that has upended work, education, and social interactions, the questions many are asking are when will we get back to normal and what will life be like after the cOVID-19 pandemic? In truth, science cannot fully predict what SARS-CoV-2 variants will arise and the trajectory of the pandemic. Yet, history and informed scientific observations provide a guide to how—and when—society will return to prepandemic patterns of behavior. There will not be a single moment when social life suddenly goes back to normal. Instead, gradually, over time, most people will view cOVID-19 as a background risk and abandon the trappings of pandemic caution.

The Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 offers a historical guide to transitioning from a pandemic to an endemic infection. That pandemic began to subside after an estimated 500 million people—one-third of the world’s population—became infected, conferring high population immunity. (Approximately 50 million died worldwide, including 675 000 in the US.) The virus also mutated and became less pathogenic. Influenza H1N1 eventually reached an equilibrium, spreading among pockets of susceptible individuals without taking the lives of most.

SARS-CoV-2 may be following a similar trajectory. An estimated 94% of people in the US now have at least some vaccine- or disease-induced immunity against cOVID-19. The highly contagious Omicron variant may speed transition to an endemic phase, with more than 100 million US residents becoming infected. Omicron also appears less pathogenic than previous variants. Thus far, booster doses of messenger RNA cOVID-19 vaccines are conferring robust protection, with cOVID-19 hospitalizations 16 times higher for unvaccinated adults than for fully vaccinated persons in December 2021.

cOVID-19 will not be eliminated, and certainly not eradicated, in the foreseeable future. Intermittent surges will occur, driven by viral evolution and colder weather keeping individuals indoors. Ongoing vaccination will be needed because of waning immunity and viral mutations. cOVID-19 will also require surveillance similar to the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, a global platform for monitoring influenza epidemiology and disease that is used in formulating seasonal influenza vaccines.

A Cautionary Tale

There are major caveats to when the pandemic will wane, including the unknown duration of vaccine- or disease-induced immunity. Billions of people worldwide still are unvaccinated, facilitating rapid viral mutations. In 1920, a variant of influenza emerged that caused an outbreak so severe it could have been considered another pandemic wave. And a pandemic H1N1 strain emerged in 2009.

Although the Omicron variant appears to cause milder disease, future mutations may not be less severe. Viral evolution is not linear as many assume, with various strains likely to emerge. Vaccinating the world’s population will remain a major priority, along with effective cOVID-19 therapeutics.

Scientific uncertainty also exists about the causes, and frequency, of long cOVID, or post-cOVID conditions, in which chronic symptoms persist beyond the infection’s initial phase. Reinfections are now common, raising concerns about chronic disease. Research into risk factors and clinical management of long cOVID will be important.

Living With cOVID-19

Endemic is an epidemiologic term, whereby overall infection rates stabilize. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines endemic as “the constant presence or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area.” Endemicity is also determined by when countries decide to move from emergency response toward longer-term control programs. Several high-income countries are already developing postpandemic plans. During endemic phases, most people return to prepandemic patterns of behavior, depending on personal risk tolerance.

cOVID-19 management will likely resemble influenza-like illness surveillance. In the US influenza surveillance system—which itself requires modernization as well as improvement of data systems—the CDC partners with states, laboratories, and hospitals to detect influenza outbreaks, viral strains, and disease severity. cOVID-19 management will require rapid identification of case clusters and variants. Outbreaks may trigger testing, contact tracing, and isolation. Isolation duration might be reduced based on case and hospitalization rates as well as social and economic needs. South Africa, for example, recently announced it will not require isolation of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive cases.

Periodic cOVID-19 vaccinations, modified as new variants circulate, will remain a major control strategy. Vaccine mandates may resemble those for influenza, covering high-risk settings such as hospitals and nursing facilities. Proof of vaccination for dining, entertainment, shopping, and travel may eventually be retracted. It is unclear whether, or when, the CDC will add cOVID-19 to its recommended list of school vaccinations. Currently, only California and Louisiana require cOVID-19 vaccinations for school entry, although some localities mandate them for activities such as sports.

Mandates regarding the wearing of masks and social distancing may soon be relaxed, depending again on levels of risk. cOVID-19 mitigation strategies could be rapidly reimplemented to counter outbreaks, and then retracted when the threat subsides—requiring effective communication. Absent mandates, pandemic behaviors such as wearing masks may continue for vulnerable or risk-adverse individuals, especially in crowded places such as movie theaters and concert venues.

The public may no longer accept the most severe cOVID-19 strategies such as school closures, lockdowns, and travel bans. Denmark recently removed all cOVID-19 restrictions and Colorado’s governor declared “the emergency is over.” Highly restrictive measures pose significant social, educational, and economic costs.

A Return to Socialization

cOVID-19 risk mitigation resulted in profound social isolation and loneliness, evidenced by increased anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts. The public yearns for simple joys, such as embracing family members or friends, dining out, or seeing a smile unhidden by a protective mask. Humans are intrinsically social beings. It was not long after the 1918 pandemic when the US resumed intense socialization, with the Roaring 20s bringing people together in crowded dance halls, movie palaces, and speakeasies.

Some pandemic behaviors may continue, at least in part, if there is social utility. Hybrid working (remote and in-person) could outlast the pandemic, offering many employees a better balance between family and career and more choice in where to live. Air travel may also remain stagnant for the immediate future. By December 2021, international travel was 72% below 2019 levels, and it may not recover until 2024.

Eroding Public Health

It seems intuitive that a pandemic would increase reliance in, and trust of, public health agencies. That intuition appears mistaken. Trust in public health agencies declined significantly during the pandemic in the context of intense politicization over mitigation measures and confusing CDC guidance. States have enacted more than 100 new laws limiting health emergency powers, banning mask or vaccination mandates, and limiting governors’ emergency powers. The judiciary also curtailed public health powers, including the US Supreme Court’s decision to block the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s vaccine-or-test mandate. The Supreme Court also overturned social distancing orders that placed limits on religious services.

The cOVID-19 pandemic has challenged society to reexamine the balance between personal freedom and public health in a postpandemic era. It may be too soon to shift to an endemic phase while Omicron-related hospitalizations remain high and effective therapeutics are scarce. The US has far higher death rates and lower vaccination rates than peer nations. But a gradual transition to normal will likely occur in the coming months, bringing back social activities that individuals have dearly missed. The ability of public health agencies to help society return safely to a new normal will remain critically important.

larry gostin

larry gostinLawrence O. Gostin is University Professor, Georgetown University’s highest academic rank conferred by the University President. He directs the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law and is the Founding O’Neill Chair in Global Health Law. He served as Associate Dean for Research at Georgetown Law from 2004 to 2008. He is Professor of Medicine at Georgetown University and Professor of Public Health at the Johns Hopkins University. He is also the Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on National and Global Health Law. This article originally appeared at the JAMA Health Forum.

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What’s the greatest holiday gift: lips, hair, skin? Give the gift of great skin this holiday season

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Give the gift of great skin this holiday season

Skinstitut Holiday Gift Kits take the stress out of gifting

Toronto, October 31, 2024 – Beauty gifts are at the top of holiday wish lists this year, and Laser Clinics Canada, a leader in advanced beauty treatments and skincare, is taking the pressure out of seasonal shopping. Today, Laser Clincs Canada announces the arrival of its 2024 Holiday Gift Kits, courtesy of Skinstitut, the exclusive skincare line of Laser Clinics Group.

In time for the busy shopping season, the limited-edition Holiday Gifts Kits are available in Laser Clinics locations in the GTA and Ottawa. Clinics are conveniently located in popular shopping centers, including Hillcrest Mall, Square One, CF Sherway Gardens, Scarborough Town Centre, Rideau Centre, Union Station and CF Markville. These limited-edition Kits are available on a first come, first served basis.

“These kits combine our best-selling products, bundled to address the most relevant skin concerns we’re seeing among our clients,” says Christina Ho, Senior Brand & LAM Manager at Laser Clinics Canada. “With several price points available, the kits offer excellent value and suit a variety of gift-giving needs, from those new to cosmeceuticals to those looking to level up their skincare routine. What’s more, these kits are priced with a savings of up to 33 per cent so gift givers can save during the holiday season.

There are two kits to select from, each designed to address key skin concerns and each with a unique theme — Brightening Basics and Hydration Heroes.

Brightening Basics is a mix of everyday essentials for glowing skin for all skin types. The bundle comes in a sleek pink, reusable case and includes three full-sized products: 200ml gentle cleanser, 50ml Moisture Defence (normal skin) and 30ml1% Hyaluronic Complex Serum. The Brightening Basics kit is available at $129, a saving of 33 per cent.

Hydration Heroes is a mix of hydration essentials and active heroes that cater to a wide variety of clients. A perfect stocking stuffer, this bundle includes four deluxe products: Moisture 15 15 ml Defence for normal skin, 10 ml 1% Hyaluronic Complex Serum, 10 ml Retinol Serum and 50 ml Expert Squalane Cleansing Oil. The kit retails at $59.

In addition to the 2024 Holiday Gifts Kits, gift givers can easily add a Laser Clinic Canada gift card to the mix. Offering flexibility, recipients can choose from a wide range of treatments offered by Laser Clinics Canada, or they can expand their collection of exclusive Skinstitut products.

 

Brightening Basics 2024 Holiday Gift Kit by Skinstitut, available exclusively at Laser Clincs Canada clinics and online at skinstitut.ca.

Hydration Heroes 2024 Holiday Gift Kit by Skinstitut – available exclusively at Laser Clincs Canada clinics and online at skinstitut.ca.

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Here is how to prepare your online accounts for when you die

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LONDON (AP) — Most people have accumulated a pile of data — selfies, emails, videos and more — on their social media and digital accounts over their lifetimes. What happens to it when we die?

It’s wise to draft a will spelling out who inherits your physical assets after you’re gone, but don’t forget to take care of your digital estate too. Friends and family might treasure files and posts you’ve left behind, but they could get lost in digital purgatory after you pass away unless you take some simple steps.

Here’s how you can prepare your digital life for your survivors:

Apple

The iPhone maker lets you nominate a “ legacy contact ” who can access your Apple account’s data after you die. The company says it’s a secure way to give trusted people access to photos, files and messages. To set it up you’ll need an Apple device with a fairly recent operating system — iPhones and iPads need iOS or iPadOS 15.2 and MacBooks needs macOS Monterey 12.1.

For iPhones, go to settings, tap Sign-in & Security and then Legacy Contact. You can name one or more people, and they don’t need an Apple ID or device.

You’ll have to share an access key with your contact. It can be a digital version sent electronically, or you can print a copy or save it as a screenshot or PDF.

Take note that there are some types of files you won’t be able to pass on — including digital rights-protected music, movies and passwords stored in Apple’s password manager. Legacy contacts can only access a deceased user’s account for three years before Apple deletes the account.

Google

Google takes a different approach with its Inactive Account Manager, which allows you to share your data with someone if it notices that you’ve stopped using your account.

When setting it up, you need to decide how long Google should wait — from three to 18 months — before considering your account inactive. Once that time is up, Google can notify up to 10 people.

You can write a message informing them you’ve stopped using the account, and, optionally, include a link to download your data. You can choose what types of data they can access — including emails, photos, calendar entries and YouTube videos.

There’s also an option to automatically delete your account after three months of inactivity, so your contacts will have to download any data before that deadline.

Facebook and Instagram

Some social media platforms can preserve accounts for people who have died so that friends and family can honor their memories.

When users of Facebook or Instagram die, parent company Meta says it can memorialize the account if it gets a “valid request” from a friend or family member. Requests can be submitted through an online form.

The social media company strongly recommends Facebook users add a legacy contact to look after their memorial accounts. Legacy contacts can do things like respond to new friend requests and update pinned posts, but they can’t read private messages or remove or alter previous posts. You can only choose one person, who also has to have a Facebook account.

You can also ask Facebook or Instagram to delete a deceased user’s account if you’re a close family member or an executor. You’ll need to send in documents like a death certificate.

TikTok

The video-sharing platform says that if a user has died, people can submit a request to memorialize the account through the settings menu. Go to the Report a Problem section, then Account and profile, then Manage account, where you can report a deceased user.

Once an account has been memorialized, it will be labeled “Remembering.” No one will be able to log into the account, which prevents anyone from editing the profile or using the account to post new content or send messages.

X

It’s not possible to nominate a legacy contact on Elon Musk’s social media site. But family members or an authorized person can submit a request to deactivate a deceased user’s account.

Passwords

Besides the major online services, you’ll probably have dozens if not hundreds of other digital accounts that your survivors might need to access. You could just write all your login credentials down in a notebook and put it somewhere safe. But making a physical copy presents its own vulnerabilities. What if you lose track of it? What if someone finds it?

Instead, consider a password manager that has an emergency access feature. Password managers are digital vaults that you can use to store all your credentials. Some, like Keeper,Bitwarden and NordPass, allow users to nominate one or more trusted contacts who can access their keys in case of an emergency such as a death.

But there are a few catches: Those contacts also need to use the same password manager and you might have to pay for the service.

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Is there a tech challenge you need help figuring out? Write to us at onetechtip@ap.org with your questions.

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Pediatric group says doctors should regularly screen kids for reading difficulties

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The Canadian Paediatric Society says doctors should regularly screen children for reading difficulties and dyslexia, calling low literacy a “serious public health concern” that can increase the risk of other problems including anxiety, low self-esteem and behavioural issues, with lifelong consequences.

New guidance issued Wednesday says family doctors, nurses, pediatricians and other medical professionals who care for school-aged kids are in a unique position to help struggling readers access educational and specialty supports, noting that identifying problems early couldhelp kids sooner — when it’s more effective — as well as reveal other possible learning or developmental issues.

The 10 recommendations include regular screening for kids aged four to seven, especially if they belong to groups at higher risk of low literacy, including newcomers to Canada, racialized Canadians and Indigenous Peoples. The society says this can be done in a two-to-three-minute office-based assessment.

Other tips encourage doctors to look for conditions often seen among poor readers such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; to advocate for early literacy training for pediatric and family medicine residents; to liaise with schools on behalf of families seeking help; and to push provincial and territorial education ministries to integrate evidence-based phonics instruction into curriculums, starting in kindergarten.

Dr. Scott McLeod, one of the authors and chair of the society’s mental health and developmental disabilities committee, said a key goal is to catch kids who may be falling through the cracks and to better connect families to resources, including quicker targeted help from schools.

“Collaboration in this area is so key because we need to move away from the silos of: everything educational must exist within the educational portfolio,” McLeod said in an interview from Calgary, where he is a developmental pediatrician at Alberta Children’s Hospital.

“Reading, yes, it’s education, but it’s also health because we know that literacy impacts health. So I think that a statement like this opens the window to say: Yes, parents can come to their health-care provider to get advice, get recommendations, hopefully start a collaboration with school teachers.”

McLeod noted that pediatricians already look for signs of low literacy in young children by way of a commonly used tool known as the Rourke Baby Record, which offers a checklist of key topics, such as nutrition and developmental benchmarks, to cover in a well-child appointment.

But he said questions about reading could be “a standing item” in checkups and he hoped the society’s statement to medical professionals who care for children “enhances their confidence in being a strong advocate for the child” while spurring partnerships with others involved in a child’s life such as teachers and psychologists.

The guidance said pediatricians also play a key role in detecting and monitoring conditions that often coexist with difficulty reading such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, but McLeod noted that getting such specific diagnoses typically involves a referral to a specialist, during which time a child continues to struggle.

He also acknowledged that some schools can be slow to act without a specific diagnosis from a specialist, and even then a child may end up on a wait list for school interventions.

“Evidence-based reading instruction shouldn’t have to wait for some of that access to specialized assessments to occur,” he said.

“My hope is that (by) having an existing statement or document written by the Canadian Paediatric Society … we’re able to skip a few steps or have some of the early interventions present,” he said.

McLeod added that obtaining specific assessments from medical specialists is “definitely beneficial and advantageous” to know where a child is at, “but having that sort of clear, thorough assessment shouldn’t be a barrier to intervention starting.”

McLeod said the society was partly spurred to act by 2022’s “Right to Read Inquiry Report” from the Ontario Human Rights Commission, which made 157 recommendations to address inequities related to reading instruction in that province.

He called the new guidelines “a big reminder” to pediatric providers, family doctors, school teachers and psychologists of the importance of literacy.

“Early identification of reading difficulty can truly change the trajectory of a child’s life.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 23, 2024.

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