adplus-dvertising
Connect with us

Economy

Long-Term Economic Effects Of The Ukraine War – Forbes

Published

 on


Russia’s attack on Ukraine will have lasting and negative effects on the world economy, with especially harsh impacts on Russia for a decade or longer, lesser negative consequences on Europe for a decade, with even smaller effects on the U.S. and the rest of the global economy.

Underlying this economic forecast is an assumption that the war does not go nuclear, in which case things would get much worse. That is an assumption; don’t ask an economist to predict the outcome of a war.

Russia will be a pariah in the international community for a decade or longer. Although most international sanctions would be removed if an agreement between Russia and Ukraine is reached, some sanctions may remain. More significantly, Western businesses will not invest in Russian projects or joint ventures even where legal. Fear of another conflict, perhaps with the Baltic countries or elsewhere near Russia’s southern border, would deter long-term deals.

Without Western technological investment, Russia’s oil production will continue to deteriorate. Russia, like most other countries, pumped oil from the easy locations first. Now the best opportunities to replace declining oil fields lie in difficult territory such as Siberia and in shale deposits. In both cases, oil production requires technology beyond Russia’s internal expertise. Without western joint ventures, oil production will decline in the coming years.

Russia’s manufacturers will similarly be shunned by Western companies sourcing components for complicated equipment such as cars and machinery. Businesses fearful that another conflict would sever supply chains will ask themselves, “Why bother with Russia at all?”

Within Russia, businesses selling to the domestic market will see foreign sources of products and services as unreliable, leading to local sourcing at higher costs and lower variety of available goods and services. This problem will reach down to, for example, small farmers. Buying a John Deere tractor without sure access to repair parts is a bad bet. And plenty of Russian-made tractors come with engines from Cummins or Mercedes. That will also apply to computers and machinery for small businesses across Russia.

Although Russian agricultural production and sales should be fairly safe, the overall economy will weaken, and the Russian people will be poorer for a decade or more.

Europe will also be worse off, though not nearly to the same extent. First, all European countries will choose to spend more on defense. Maybe they should have been spending more all along, but that does not contradict the point: spending on the military will increase without a concomitant expansion of productive capacity in Europe. Thus, economic growth will decline along with the standard of living of European citizens. This effect will be small but sure.

Most Europeans will pay more for energy. This economic impact could be lessened if Europe retreats from its decarbonization policies, but that is unlikely. It is certain that Europe will try to source energy from non-Russian countries, meaning at higher cost than they have been paying.

Europe will also pay for some of the refugee costs, out of humanitarian concern for Ukrainians within their borders and nearby. They probably won’t spend a great deal relative to their overall budgets, and they may get a bonus: Ukrainians staying and joining the local labor force where they landed after fleeing the war.

The United States and the rest of the global economy will be mildly hurt, primarily through higher oil prices. Those prices won’t be as dramatically high as they are now if a truce is signed, but even then lower long-run oil production from Russia will cost the world as we switch to oil produced in higher-cost locations.

The world will also be a little worse off as more companies choose to shorten their supply chains. Complex global supply chains lower productions costs when they work well. Multinational corporations learned about supply chain fragility from the Japanese tsunami and Thai floods. Then the Covid pandemic tangles supply chains like an unruly snarl of yarn. Now we learn that two countries that are not manufacturing powerhouses still make some components critical to other countries’ businesses. The switch to shorter, more domestic supply changes will not be sweeping. But at the margin, when a business purchasing manager sees costs not too far apart for domestic versus foreign products, the decision will go to local sourcing.

The attack on Ukraine will have negative consequences for Russia, Europe and the world. But we must keep in perspective that the world has been trending toward more peace, as seen by the evidence that Steven Pinker lays out in The Better Angels of Our Nature. The war in Ukraine is certainly a setback, but the harsh effects on Russia of Putin’s attack will likely dissuade other rulers from invading their neighbors.

Adblock test (Why?)

728x90x4

Source link

Continue Reading

Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

Published

 on

 

VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

Source link

Continue Reading

Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

Published

 on

 

NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

Source link

Continue Reading

Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

Published

 on

 

HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

Source link

Continue Reading

Trending