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Rate cuts could come by June 2024 — but government spending will play a role: CIBC

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Reining in government spending could take some of the pressure off the Bank of Canada in tamping down inflation and help limit pain for debt-ridden Canadians, according to a new report from CIBC.

The central bank’s return to rate hikes last week with a 25-basis-point increase has economic forecasters hurriedly revising their outlooks for inflation and interest rates, with CIBC also turning its lens on the role played by fiscal policymakers.

In the report released Monday from chief economist Avery Shenfeld and senior economist Andrew Grantham, CIBC forecasts another rate hike of a quarter percentage point from the Bank of Canada in July or September, which would bring the policy rate to 5.0 per cent.

Rate cuts, meanwhile, aren’t expected to come until June 2024, according to CIBC forecasts. The central bank policy rate is projected to fall to 3.5 per cent by the end of next year, CIBC predicts.

Rates are going to have to stay higher for longer in the status quo, the CIBC economists argue, unless there’s a shift in approach from federal and provincial governments to help the Bank of Canada with its goal of getting inflation back to its two per cent goal.

While the Bank of Canada’s primary tool to achieve its inflation mandate is to set the cost of borrowing using its benchmark rate, governments can have an impact on that progress by slowing or ramping up demand based on their spending and policy objectives.

Fiscal stimulus that puts more money in the pockets of Canadians, for example, can fuel demand and inflation, in turn.

Federal Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland often noted in presenting the Liberals’ 2023 budget that she would exercise “fiscal responsibility” in charting the country through a period of cooling-but-still-high inflation and economic uncertainty on the horizon.

That budget, which passed through the House of Commons last week in Ottawa, has been heavily criticized by the federal Conservatives as overspending.

 

Public sector spending not helping cool inflation: CIBC

The authors argue in the CIBC report that while each level of government was effective in winding down stimulus tied to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022, fiscal restraint has since been waning.

“It’s not that fiscal policy is significantly fueling the inflation we’re now seeing, it’s that it would be even better if, at least in the near term, it was actually putting some downward pressure on inflation by helping to cool off the fire,” the report reads.

And while the federal opposition has put the Liberal government’s spending plans in the crosshairs, the CIBC report points primarily at the provincial spending plans as fuelling demand.

The “drag on growth” needed to rein in inflation “would have been much larger without a surge in provincial spending,” the report states.

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Much of this extra spending came in the form of tax rebates branded as ways to help Canadians cope with high inflation — but CIBC argues this support went past inflation relief and verged into stimulus.

While the provinces could be chastised for last year’s spending plans, Ottawa has its share of blame in the 2023 federal budget, Shenfeld and Grantham argue.

The upcoming “grocery rebate,” which will be distributed next month, will add a projected 0.4 percentage points to gross domestic product (GDP) in the second quarter of the year if all spent, according to CIBC’s projections.

Altogether, the federal and provincial spending plans won’t end up as much of a drag on growth this year, leaving the Bank of Canada’s interest rates left to do the bulk of the work, according to CIBC.

The higher interest rates need to go, and the longer they stay there, will have other knock-on effects, per the report.

 

Housing impacts

Governments at all levels have identified home construction as something that will need to speed up to accommodate Canada’s population growth in the years ahead, but high interest rates have an acute impact here, slowing down the pace at which shovels get into the ground.

“That’s hardly ideal in an environment in which a shortage of housing is pressuring apartment rents and the overall cost of home ownership,” the report reads.

Canadian homeowners coming up for mortgage renewals in the next couple of years are also slated for significant pain as their payments rise to reflect higher interest rates; CIBC calls this a “significant risk to household financial stability” if the Bank of Canada’s policy rate remains at high levels.

A “somewhat tighter fiscal path” would allow the central bank to start cutting its interest rate sooner, the authors say, or limit how high monetary policymakers have to take the rate in the first place.

CIBC looks ahead to the fall fiscal updates from the provinces and federal government and warns of announcing additional spending as a risk for higher interest rates and more financial pain for Canadian households.

Freeland, speaking after the Bank of Canada’s latest rate decision last week, was asked whether higher-than-anticipated government spending in the 2023 federal budget was a concern she had discussed with Bank of Canada governor Tiff Macklem.

She reiterated that Ottawa and the central bank operate independently in setting fiscal and monetary policy but have “clear lines of communication.”

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B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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