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Ray tracing can fix Halo: Infinite's bad graphics and shadows – TweakTown

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Thanks to a recent graphics controversy, Halo: Infinite is in the headlines for all the wrong reasons. The game isn’t the next-gen spectacle we all expected, nor does it seem like a system-selling game. But a closer look at 343i’s new engine and lighting systems reveals the reason the game looks decided last-gen.

Why does Halo: Infinite’s gameplay look so bland? Why does it look like a last-gen game? It all has to do with the game’s new dynamic lighting system. Halo: Infinite is a huge open-world game now, and it has a fluctuating lighting system that blankets the entire world. There’s no tightly-designed linear levels, meaning the lighting system isn’t fine-tuned, but more spread across a bigger area.

A new deep dive from Digital Foundry uncovers some of Infinite’s issues, challenges, and advantages with its new dynamic lighting system.

The lighting shifts on objects like environments, weapons, armor, and enemies depending on where you are in the map, and how high up you are. A lot of the gameplay took place in shadows cast by huge overhanging buildings, which of course made the visuals look rather unimpressive. The reality is 343i’s screen-space reflections and ambient occlusion tricks just aren’t enough for a huge open area like Infinite.

The general gist is that Halo: Infinite uses dynamic lighting, which is a lot harder to make look nice than the static lighting used in amazingly high-detailed games like The Last of Us 2. The difference is static lighting is, well, stuck in the same spot and environments use textures with lighting illusions/effects built right in. But static lighting takes forever to develop considering each texture is typically adjusted to meet the scene.

VIEW GALLERY – 4 IMAGES

Halo: Infinite’s models actually have high-def textures, but they need lighting to show off the detail. Ray tracing could help illuminate these models even when scenes are cast in shadows.

Dynamic lighting also has its advantages.

Objects are illuminated in real-time, but the lack of bounce lighting textures typically less detail. Dynamic lighting also allows day-to-night cycles and significantly reduces development time, which is important for 343 Industries because they’re also making the new Slipspace Engine alongside the game. As Valve, BioWare, and countless other devs can attest, making a new game alongside a brand new engine can be a nightmare in the best of times. The recent pandemic adds another layer of complexity to iteration.

In this image, grunts are obscured by shadow and therefore lose a lot of their model/texture definition.

The main reason the game looks so awkward in shadowy areas is because the light is obscured by other things. A ship, a building, trees, or outcroppings can absorb the light and cause the specific scene to look rather last-gen. So things like guns, enemies, and environments look less detailed and rather flat in shadow.

343i’s lighting system uses screen-space lighting techniques like SSAO to emulate static lighting techniques and advantages. The lighting probes will pop in and more definition will be shown, but only as you get closer to the object or environment. SSAO also means there’s more artifacts and obscuring of shadows of far-away areas, scenes, and objects. This technique was actually used in older games like Far Cry 3, which was released in 2013.

Ray tracing can fix Halo: Infinite's bad graphics and shadows 54 | TweakTown.com

This Elite likewise loses all of his definition because he’s stuck in the shadows.

As Digital Foundry explains, games textures used to have lighting built right in. Artists would design textures already made with lighting features. There were two major textures that devs would use to showcase lighting in scenes to ensure models look appropriately well-lit even in shadowy areas:

Diffuse Texture –The harder contrast textures that showed details like hard shadows, damage/scuff marks, and reflections. These details were seen regardless of the scene lighting, but doesn’t respond to real-time lighting sequences, e.g. when the sun or light sources are overhead vs. when they’re setting.

These days games use Albedo textures that use a special gloss texture layer that reacts to real-time lighting. But these textures lose lots of detail when not in direct light. They need light sources to make them pop.

Specular Texture – Determines light intensity of a specific model.

For some reason, 343i chose to showcase their big next-gen hit during scenes that take place primarily in shadow, which made all the graphics, environments, and weapons look unfinished.

Ray tracing can fix Halo: Infinite's bad graphics and shadows 22 | TweakTown.com

Look at the bulkhead’s lack of definition on the left, or even the log. That’s a direct result of the new dynamic lighting system when the textures simply aren’t getting any light.

So what can be done?

Digital Foundry’s Alex Battalgia notes that tracing could fix the lighting, whether it’s hardware-based ray tracing or in-engine software global illumination found in new software like Unreal Engine 5 or the latest CryEngine tech.

Ray tracing would trade the shadows and add another layer of lighting to the textures, thus illuminating and revealing the higher-end models that 343i has made for the game. The result would be less flat-looking graphics and gameplay even in shadows all while preserving the reactive reflections from the dynamic lighting system.

That’s why ray tracing is so revolutionary when it comes to visuals–and it’s doubly so for games with dynamic lighting.

Sadly this might not happen. We could be stuck with Halo: Infinite’s current shadows and illumination. There’s been no talk of ray tracing in Halo: Infinite, just the usual claims of 4K 60FPS. Ray tracing typically takes a big hit on both resolution and frame rates so if Halo: Infinite does get ray tracing, it could drop to 1080p 60FPS max on the Xbox Series X or PC.

4K 60FPS is a big thing for the Xbox Series X, and we could see a variable mode tossed in, but that would undermine the big 4K60 buzzword PR bulletpoint. I’m not sure if gamers would rather to play 4K60FPS with bad lighting/wonky textures or variable 1080p-1440p at 60FPS with ray-traced visuals to expose high-end models.

That being said, both Microsoft and 343 Industries promise Halo: Infinite will be a “visual showcase” when it releases in November, so we could see ray tracing enabled after all.

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Ottawa orders TikTok’s Canadian arm to be dissolved

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The federal government is ordering the dissolution of TikTok’s Canadian business after a national security review of the Chinese company behind the social media platform, but stopped short of ordering people to stay off the app.

Industry Minister François-Philippe Champagne announced the government’s “wind up” demand Wednesday, saying it is meant to address “risks” related to ByteDance Ltd.’s establishment of TikTok Technology Canada Inc.

“The decision was based on the information and evidence collected over the course of the review and on the advice of Canada’s security and intelligence community and other government partners,” he said in a statement.

The announcement added that the government is not blocking Canadians’ access to the TikTok application or their ability to create content.

However, it urged people to “adopt good cybersecurity practices and assess the possible risks of using social media platforms and applications, including how their information is likely to be protected, managed, used and shared by foreign actors, as well as to be aware of which country’s laws apply.”

Champagne’s office did not immediately respond to a request for comment seeking details about what evidence led to the government’s dissolution demand, how long ByteDance has to comply and why the app is not being banned.

A TikTok spokesperson said in a statement that the shutdown of its Canadian offices will mean the loss of hundreds of well-paying local jobs.

“We will challenge this order in court,” the spokesperson said.

“The TikTok platform will remain available for creators to find an audience, explore new interests and for businesses to thrive.”

The federal Liberals ordered a national security review of TikTok in September 2023, but it was not public knowledge until The Canadian Press reported in March that it was investigating the company.

At the time, it said the review was based on the expansion of a business, which it said constituted the establishment of a new Canadian entity. It declined to provide any further details about what expansion it was reviewing.

A government database showed a notification of new business from TikTok in June 2023. It said Network Sense Ventures Ltd. in Toronto and Vancouver would engage in “marketing, advertising, and content/creator development activities in relation to the use of the TikTok app in Canada.”

Even before the review, ByteDance and TikTok were lightning rod for privacy and safety concerns because Chinese national security laws compel organizations in the country to assist with intelligence gathering.

Such concerns led the U.S. House of Representatives to pass a bill in March designed to ban TikTok unless its China-based owner sells its stake in the business.

Champagne’s office has maintained Canada’s review was not related to the U.S. bill, which has yet to pass.

Canada’s review was carried out through the Investment Canada Act, which allows the government to investigate any foreign investment with potential to might harm national security.

While cabinet can make investors sell parts of the business or shares, Champagne has said the act doesn’t allow him to disclose details of the review.

Wednesday’s dissolution order was made in accordance with the act.

The federal government banned TikTok from its mobile devices in February 2023 following the launch of an investigation into the company by federal and provincial privacy commissioners.

— With files from Anja Karadeglija in Ottawa

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 6, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Here is how to prepare your online accounts for when you die

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LONDON (AP) — Most people have accumulated a pile of data — selfies, emails, videos and more — on their social media and digital accounts over their lifetimes. What happens to it when we die?

It’s wise to draft a will spelling out who inherits your physical assets after you’re gone, but don’t forget to take care of your digital estate too. Friends and family might treasure files and posts you’ve left behind, but they could get lost in digital purgatory after you pass away unless you take some simple steps.

Here’s how you can prepare your digital life for your survivors:

Apple

The iPhone maker lets you nominate a “ legacy contact ” who can access your Apple account’s data after you die. The company says it’s a secure way to give trusted people access to photos, files and messages. To set it up you’ll need an Apple device with a fairly recent operating system — iPhones and iPads need iOS or iPadOS 15.2 and MacBooks needs macOS Monterey 12.1.

For iPhones, go to settings, tap Sign-in & Security and then Legacy Contact. You can name one or more people, and they don’t need an Apple ID or device.

You’ll have to share an access key with your contact. It can be a digital version sent electronically, or you can print a copy or save it as a screenshot or PDF.

Take note that there are some types of files you won’t be able to pass on — including digital rights-protected music, movies and passwords stored in Apple’s password manager. Legacy contacts can only access a deceased user’s account for three years before Apple deletes the account.

Google

Google takes a different approach with its Inactive Account Manager, which allows you to share your data with someone if it notices that you’ve stopped using your account.

When setting it up, you need to decide how long Google should wait — from three to 18 months — before considering your account inactive. Once that time is up, Google can notify up to 10 people.

You can write a message informing them you’ve stopped using the account, and, optionally, include a link to download your data. You can choose what types of data they can access — including emails, photos, calendar entries and YouTube videos.

There’s also an option to automatically delete your account after three months of inactivity, so your contacts will have to download any data before that deadline.

Facebook and Instagram

Some social media platforms can preserve accounts for people who have died so that friends and family can honor their memories.

When users of Facebook or Instagram die, parent company Meta says it can memorialize the account if it gets a “valid request” from a friend or family member. Requests can be submitted through an online form.

The social media company strongly recommends Facebook users add a legacy contact to look after their memorial accounts. Legacy contacts can do things like respond to new friend requests and update pinned posts, but they can’t read private messages or remove or alter previous posts. You can only choose one person, who also has to have a Facebook account.

You can also ask Facebook or Instagram to delete a deceased user’s account if you’re a close family member or an executor. You’ll need to send in documents like a death certificate.

TikTok

The video-sharing platform says that if a user has died, people can submit a request to memorialize the account through the settings menu. Go to the Report a Problem section, then Account and profile, then Manage account, where you can report a deceased user.

Once an account has been memorialized, it will be labeled “Remembering.” No one will be able to log into the account, which prevents anyone from editing the profile or using the account to post new content or send messages.

X

It’s not possible to nominate a legacy contact on Elon Musk’s social media site. But family members or an authorized person can submit a request to deactivate a deceased user’s account.

Passwords

Besides the major online services, you’ll probably have dozens if not hundreds of other digital accounts that your survivors might need to access. You could just write all your login credentials down in a notebook and put it somewhere safe. But making a physical copy presents its own vulnerabilities. What if you lose track of it? What if someone finds it?

Instead, consider a password manager that has an emergency access feature. Password managers are digital vaults that you can use to store all your credentials. Some, like Keeper,Bitwarden and NordPass, allow users to nominate one or more trusted contacts who can access their keys in case of an emergency such as a death.

But there are a few catches: Those contacts also need to use the same password manager and you might have to pay for the service.

___

Is there a tech challenge you need help figuring out? Write to us at onetechtip@ap.org with your questions.

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Google’s partnership with AI startup Anthropic faces a UK competition investigation

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LONDON (AP) — Britain’s competition watchdog said Thursday it’s opening a formal investigation into Google’s partnership with artificial intelligence startup Anthropic.

The Competition and Markets Authority said it has “sufficient information” to launch an initial probe after it sought input earlier this year on whether the deal would stifle competition.

The CMA has until Dec. 19 to decide whether to approve the deal or escalate its investigation.

“Google is committed to building the most open and innovative AI ecosystem in the world,” the company said. “Anthropic is free to use multiple cloud providers and does, and we don’t demand exclusive tech rights.”

San Francisco-based Anthropic was founded in 2021 by siblings Dario and Daniela Amodei, who previously worked at ChatGPT maker OpenAI. The company has focused on increasing the safety and reliability of AI models. Google reportedly agreed last year to make a multibillion-dollar investment in Anthropic, which has a popular chatbot named Claude.

Anthropic said it’s cooperating with the regulator and will provide “the complete picture about Google’s investment and our commercial collaboration.”

“We are an independent company and none of our strategic partnerships or investor relationships diminish the independence of our corporate governance or our freedom to partner with others,” it said in a statement.

The U.K. regulator has been scrutinizing a raft of AI deals as investment money floods into the industry to capitalize on the artificial intelligence boom. Last month it cleared Anthropic’s $4 billion deal with Amazon and it has also signed off on Microsoft’s deals with two other AI startups, Inflection and Mistral.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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