Every summer for five years, Kayla Buhler trekked from Saskatoon to Nunavut to track packs of Arctic foxes as part of her PhD research in veterinary microbiology. Knowing this was a rare experience – not many of her colleagues at the University of Saskatchewan could say they’d been to the far north to see the wildlife up close, and certainly few people in her family understood her work as a graduate student – she started travelling to field work with a camera in hand. Through those photos, she shared her northern life with the folks back home.
On one of these research trips last summer, Dr. Buhler snapped a portrait of an Arctic fox pup at close range. “I had become very interested in the sounds that they [Arctic foxes] made and had learned how to mimic some of their calls,” she explains. Finding herself near a den, she gave one of the calls a try. To her delight, a pup came out to investigate the sound, a cross between a chitter and a coo. The photo Dr. Buhler captured then is not only a personal favourite, it’s a prize winner. This spring, it was named runner-up in the research in action category for the U of Saskatchewan’s Images of Research competition.
Images of Research launched in 2015. Daniel Hallen, who coordinates the contest for the office of the vice-president of research at U of Saskatchewan, says the pursuit of knowledge can seem inaccessible, dry and esoteric even to those inside the academy. The contest aims to challenge that view. “The competition really showcases not just the breadth and depth of the groundbreaking work that the researchers are doing, but also that there’s tremendous beauty in it,” he says.
Faculty, students, staff and alumni are invited to submit images depicting university-affiliated research along with a 120-word description and snappy title. “Researchers are habituated to writing for their own specific audience – they’re writing for journal articles, or they’re writing application documents. This is a way to step back and look at how your research can be distilled. What’s the cocktail party speech about your research?” Mr. Hallen says. “That’s a tremendous value.”
This year’s winners spanned seven categories: arts in focus (research in music, drama, art and art history, and the humanities); community impact (research done with and for community partners); from the field (field work images); more than meets the eye (images that capture detail unseen by the human eye); research in action (images that represent “what the researcher’s work is all about”); best description; viewer’s choice; and grand prize. Aside from viewer’s choice, which is decided by an online voting system, each category is judged by a panel of three volunteers representing faculty, staff and students. They evaluate submissions based on aesthetic appeal, creativity, the clarity of the description and title, and how well the image showcases the research. Category winners receive $300, runners-up get $200, and the grand prize is $500. The winners are celebrated at an event and their images are displayed in an exhibit around campus.
In addition to netting runner-up for research in action, two more of Dr. Buhler’s images – an extreme close-up of a fox’s eye and a drone photo of her research team snowmobiling across frozen lakes in the early spring thaw – won the community impact and grand prize categories, respectively. The money is a great incentive, she says – her winnings helped to offset the cost of moving for a postdoctoral fellowship at the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences – but the public exposure is proving to be the more lasting benefit.
The university benefits too. With so much research happening across the institution, Mr. Hallen says the contest allows his office to discover projects they might not have heard about until after a journal publication, if at all. “We were finding stories that otherwise … might be flying under the radar for whatever reason,” he explains.
As a result, many of the winning images and the stories behind them have gone on to be the face of the university in communications projects of all kinds, he notes, from banners hanging around campus and website backgrounds, to print marketing materials and digital fundraising campaigns.
Malignant brushstrokes, Haolun Tian (Queen’s University) Winner, jury prize, Science Exposed 2022.
This drone image shows a team collecting samples from an algal bloom in Ontario’s Dog Lake. “The beautiful paint-like whorls seen from above hide a fetid and noxious ‘pea soup’ that will eventually suffocate fish and other aquatic life when it decomposes in the fall,” the PhD student explains in his submission. The team uses drone and environmental DNA monitoring to quickly assess the development of algal blooms, which are driven by human activity.
What does the fox say? Kayla Buhler (University of Saskatchewan) Runner-up, research in action category, USask Images of Research 2023
After observing the unique sounds exchanged by Arctic fox parents and pups, Dr. Buhler lured a pup out of its den with her impression of a fox vocalization.
Treading on Thin Ice, Kayla Buhler (University of Saskatchewan) Grand Prize, USask Images of Research 2023
Taken by drone, the photo captures a team of wildlife-disease researchers snowmobiling in single file across the rapidly thawing Arctic tundra.
The rosette of the Thale cress, Denise Chabot (Agriculture and Agri-food Canada) Winner, jury prize, Science Exposed 2022
This microscopic plant assembly features the Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), which grows naturally in this rosette form. It is often used in plant biology studies because of its short, six-week life cycle. “Each of the leaves is the result of specific research into its physiology, genetics, disease and weather resistance, reproduction or seed production,” the federal researcher writes in her submission.
Research in action, Aleksandra Dolezal (University of Guelph) Winner, best in show, U of G Through the Lens 2022
Lorraine Vandermyden, a graduate student, stands outside a crop field holding a “sweepnet” used for insect sampling.
So you say you want to be a vet? Ruth MacLean (University of Saskatchewan) Winner, best description category, USask Images of Research 2023
Frustrated by the late-winter cold while tending to an icy mare in a prairie paddock, the student-veterinarian and photographer reframed the situation: “Here stood a magnificent animal whose body temperature literally turned the cold harsh conditions which surrounded her to ice, and once again, I was in love!”
A snail’s first moments of sight, Rebecca Osborne (University of Guelph) Winner, jury prize and people’s choice, Science Exposed 2022
An image of three-day-old freshwater snail embryos captured by time-lapsed macrophotography. The small black dots are the snails’ developing eyespots, which will help them to perceive light, pressure and chemical signals.
George Konana Collecting Ice, Saskia de Wildt (Queen’s University) Winner, creative and sustainable communities category, Queen’s Art of Research 2022
During a field trip to Gjoa Haven, Nunavut, PhD student Saskia de Wildt took this photo of local George Konana as he cracked out a piece of ice from a frozen lake to make his tea.
In her reflection, Kayla Buhler (University of Saskatchewan) Winner, community impact category USask Images of Research 2023
Researchers collect blood and other samples from this sedated fox in Nunavut. The samples help them assess the risk of disease transmission to local humans and dogs. “Her health provides a reflection of our health,” Dr. Buhler writes in her contest submission.
Mars tips its cap to the Arctic, Éloïse Brassard (Université de Sherbrooke) Winner, jury prize, Acfas Preuve par l’image 2022
Earth science and geomatics researchers consider the conditions in the Arctic analogous to Mars. In this image of glaciers surrounded by rock formations on Axel Heiberg Island in Nunavut, one can see gossans (yellow-orange), deposits rich in oxidized iron which indicate an environment conducive to certain lifeforms. One also sees a mineral with a crystalline structure that can preserve traces of life. Called jarosite, it’s a biomarker that’s also found on Mars. In her submission, Ms. Brassard, a master’s student, explains that researchers are using “ground-based analyses to explore a method for identifying these caps on satellite images of the Canadian Arctic, knowledge that will be applied to satellite images of the Red Planet.”
Composition with red, yellow, blue, green, and clear droplets, Zhao Pan (University of Waterloo) and Floriane Weyer (Université libre de Bruxelles) Winner, jury prize, Acfas La preuve par l’image 2022
Inspired by the droplets captured on the bifurcated leaf tips of cypress trees, the researchers found that the corner of two crossed fibres hold significantly more water than a horizontally placed fibre. As they decreased the angle between fibres, the maximum droplet volume increased.
Hunger Games: May the Neurons be Ever in Your “Flavour”, Narsimha Pujari (University of Saskatchewan) Winner, more than meets the eye category, USask Images of Research 2023
Captured through confocal microscopy, this image of a fruit fly’s brain shows six neurons (green), each one extending a long, tail-like axon. In his submission, the PhD student in biomedical sciences explains that the fruit fly’s neurons behave “like the hypothalamus and pituitary of the human brain,” which regulates functions such as eating and sleeping. It’s one reason researchers are hoping the fruit fly will help unlock the mysteries of the human brain.
Hillside bog in green, Charles Picard-Krashevski (Université de Montréal) Winner, jury prize, Acfas La prevue par l’image 2022
In a peat bog nestled in Quebec’s Mont Tremblant provincial park, botanists are identifying all plant species in a small plot to assess the impacts of climate change. It’s a tedious task requiring about three hours of work, but researchers are using drone images and artificial intelligence programs to eventually speed along the process.
Liquid gold, Amanda Liczner (University of Guelph) Winner, faculty and staff category and community choice, U of G Through the Lens 2022
This bumble bee queen has been fitted with a radio tag. Her movements are being tracked as part of a study on pesticides and their effect on the flight of bumble bees, an important and endangered pollinator. Here, the queen sips nectar – “liquid gold” – from a dandelion patch.
Tiny Crystals, Maryanne Stones (University of Guelph) Runner-up, faculty and staff category, U of G Through the Lens 2022
This scanning electron microscopy image shows “a new nickel sulfate phase formed under high-temperature aqueous conditions,” explains Dr. Stones, a postdoctoral researcher with the Tremaine Research Group, in her submission. The lab-grown crystal was used in a project on corrosion chemistry in nuclear reactors.
Photography has long been a valuable tool for knowledge-translation and scientific communication. Research image contests like U of Saskatchewan’s, however, are capitalizing on the ubiquity of smartphone cameras and image-based social media like Instagram to deepen the public interest in, and engagement with, visual science media.
In 2010, Acfas, the scholarly organization that promotes French-language research and researchers in Canada, launched a photo contest called La preuve par l’image in response to the growing importance of visual media in the sciences as well as a rise in public scholarship, says contest coordinator Johanne Lebel. Acfas embraced images as a way to hook a wide audience because of how effectively they can inspire emotion, surprise or reflection, she adds.
La preuve par l’image has since become the country’s longest running and best-known research image contest. The organization partnered with Radio-Canada’s popular science TV program Découverte in 2011 to promote the competition’s audience choice category. In 2015, Acfas joined forces with the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) to expand the contest to an English-language audience under the name Science Exposed.
Both the French and English contests accept submissions from anyone conducting research at a private or public postsecondary institution or research centre in Canada. Virtually any type of image is eligible – be it photography of any kind, images produced by optical or electronic instruments, computer-generated images, models, drawings, diagrams and the like – so long as it’s directly related to the research and comes with a short, plain-language explanation and title. Juries select 20 finalists for each competition based on the visual quality of the image and how effectively the submission illustrates the applicant’s research.
These are also the richest research image contests in the country: the French competition offers five prizes at $2,000 each, funded by NSERC, Radio-Canada and Montreal’s natural science museums. The English contest, funded by NSERC, awards four prizes of $2,000.
Winning images have been featured in exhibits at museums, postsecondary institutions, libraries, galleries and events across Canada. They have been turned into trading cards, mobile phone wallpapers and holiday cards for the federal chief science adviser’s office. In 2021, some of the images appeared in an outdoor exhibit on the Plaza Bridge in downtown Ottawa. This spring, to celebrate Acfas’s centennial, images from each edition of La preuve par l’image were projected onto the main building at Université du Québec à Montréal every night for a month.
From the quizzical look on a fox pup’s face to the intricate patterns inside a freshwater snail embryo, research images help bring complex problems like zoonotic diseases and climate change to life for the viewing public. More and more Canadian universities, scholarly associations and research-funding agencies are organizing research image contests – competitions are running now at the University of Calgary, Queen’s University, the University of New Brunswick and the University of Guelph. And even individual faculties and departments, like the faculty of arts and science at Concordia University and the Lassonde School of Engineering at York University, have launched their own iterations.
U of Saskatchewan’s Images of Research contest just had its most successful year yet, with 143 submissions and more than 2,250 votes cast in the viewer’s choice category. That’s a 50 per cent increase over what they received in the contest’s first few years, and double what they got in 2021. Submissions will likely increase as more researchers understand the value of these contests, says Mr. Hallen. And he’ll be happy to support even more researchers as they tell their stories far and wide. “It’s a privilege to get to help show this to the world,” he says.
More than 40 trillion gallons of rain drenched the Southeast United States in the last week from Hurricane Helene and a run-of-the-mill rainstorm that sloshed in ahead of it — an unheard of amount of water that has stunned experts.
That’s enough to fill the Dallas Cowboys’ stadium 51,000 times, or Lake Tahoe just once. If it was concentrated just on the state of North Carolina that much water would be 3.5 feet deep (more than 1 meter). It’s enough to fill more than 60 million Olympic-size swimming pools.
“That’s an astronomical amount of precipitation,” said Ed Clark, head of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Water Center in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. “I have not seen something in my 25 years of working at the weather service that is this geographically large of an extent and the sheer volume of water that fell from the sky.”
The flood damage from the rain is apocalyptic, meteorologists said. More than 100 people are dead, according to officials.
Private meteorologist Ryan Maue, a former NOAA chief scientist, calculated the amount of rain, using precipitation measurements made in 2.5-mile-by-2.5 mile grids as measured by satellites and ground observations. He came up with 40 trillion gallons through Sunday for the eastern United States, with 20 trillion gallons of that hitting just Georgia, Tennessee, the Carolinas and Florida from Hurricane Helene.
Clark did the calculations independently and said the 40 trillion gallon figure (151 trillion liters) is about right and, if anything, conservative. Maue said maybe 1 to 2 trillion more gallons of rain had fallen, much if it in Virginia, since his calculations.
Clark, who spends much of his work on issues of shrinking western water supplies, said to put the amount of rain in perspective, it’s more than twice the combined amount of water stored by two key Colorado River basin reservoirs: Lake Powell and Lake Mead.
Several meteorologists said this was a combination of two, maybe three storm systems. Before Helene struck, rain had fallen heavily for days because a low pressure system had “cut off” from the jet stream — which moves weather systems along west to east — and stalled over the Southeast. That funneled plenty of warm water from the Gulf of Mexico. And a storm that fell just short of named status parked along North Carolina’s Atlantic coast, dumping as much as 20 inches of rain, said North Carolina state climatologist Kathie Dello.
Then add Helene, one of the largest storms in the last couple decades and one that held plenty of rain because it was young and moved fast before it hit the Appalachians, said University of Albany hurricane expert Kristen Corbosiero.
“It was not just a perfect storm, but it was a combination of multiple storms that that led to the enormous amount of rain,” Maue said. “That collected at high elevation, we’re talking 3,000 to 6000 feet. And when you drop trillions of gallons on a mountain, that has to go down.”
The fact that these storms hit the mountains made everything worse, and not just because of runoff. The interaction between the mountains and the storm systems wrings more moisture out of the air, Clark, Maue and Corbosiero said.
North Carolina weather officials said their top measurement total was 31.33 inches in the tiny town of Busick. Mount Mitchell also got more than 2 feet of rainfall.
Before 2017’s Hurricane Harvey, “I said to our colleagues, you know, I never thought in my career that we would measure rainfall in feet,” Clark said. “And after Harvey, Florence, the more isolated events in eastern Kentucky, portions of South Dakota. We’re seeing events year in and year out where we are measuring rainfall in feet.”
Storms are getting wetter as the climate change s, said Corbosiero and Dello. A basic law of physics says the air holds nearly 4% more moisture for every degree Fahrenheit warmer (7% for every degree Celsius) and the world has warmed more than 2 degrees (1.2 degrees Celsius) since pre-industrial times.
Corbosiero said meteorologists are vigorously debating how much of Helene is due to worsening climate change and how much is random.
For Dello, the “fingerprints of climate change” were clear.
“We’ve seen tropical storm impacts in western North Carolina. But these storms are wetter and these storms are warmer. And there would have been a time when a tropical storm would have been heading toward North Carolina and would have caused some rain and some damage, but not apocalyptic destruction. ”
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It’s a dinosaur that roamed Alberta’s badlands more than 70 million years ago, sporting a big, bumpy, bony head the size of a baby elephant.
On Wednesday, paleontologists near Grande Prairie pulled its 272-kilogram skull from the ground.
They call it “Big Sam.”
The adult Pachyrhinosaurus is the second plant-eating dinosaur to be unearthed from a dense bonebed belonging to a herd that died together on the edge of a valley that now sits 450 kilometres northwest of Edmonton.
It didn’t die alone.
“We have hundreds of juvenile bones in the bonebed, so we know that there are many babies and some adults among all of the big adults,” Emily Bamforth, a paleontologist with the nearby Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, said in an interview on the way to the dig site.
She described the horned Pachyrhinosaurus as “the smaller, older cousin of the triceratops.”
“This species of dinosaur is endemic to the Grand Prairie area, so it’s found here and nowhere else in the world. They are … kind of about the size of an Indian elephant and a rhino,” she added.
The head alone, she said, is about the size of a baby elephant.
The discovery was a long time coming.
The bonebed was first discovered by a high school teacher out for a walk about 50 years ago. It took the teacher a decade to get anyone from southern Alberta to come to take a look.
“At the time, sort of in the ’70s and ’80s, paleontology in northern Alberta was virtually unknown,” said Bamforth.
When paleontogists eventually got to the site, Bamforth said, they learned “it’s actually one of the densest dinosaur bonebeds in North America.”
“It contains about 100 to 300 bones per square metre,” she said.
Paleontologists have been at the site sporadically ever since, combing through bones belonging to turtles, dinosaurs and lizards. Sixteen years ago, they discovered a large skull of an approximately 30-year-old Pachyrhinosaurus, which is now at the museum.
About a year ago, they found the second adult: Big Sam.
Bamforth said both dinosaurs are believed to have been the elders in the herd.
“Their distinguishing feature is that, instead of having a horn on their nose like a triceratops, they had this big, bony bump called a boss. And they have big, bony bumps over their eyes as well,” she said.
“It makes them look a little strange. It’s the one dinosaur that if you find it, it’s the only possible thing it can be.”
The genders of the two adults are unknown.
Bamforth said the extraction was difficult because Big Sam was intertwined in a cluster of about 300 other bones.
The skull was found upside down, “as if the animal was lying on its back,” but was well preserved, she said.
She said the excavation process involved putting plaster on the skull and wooden planks around if for stability. From there, it was lifted out — very carefully — with a crane, and was to be shipped on a trolley to the museum for study.
“I have extracted skulls in the past. This is probably the biggest one I’ve ever done though,” said Bamforth.
“It’s pretty exciting.”
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 25, 2024.
TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.
Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.
Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.
The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.
The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.
It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.
Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.
Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.
Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.
Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.
Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.
The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”
