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Spring Modulith 1.0 Gains Production-Readiness, IDE Support and Improved Testability – InfoQ.com

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1 year ago

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Spring Modulith 1.0 was promoted from its experimental status and became a fully supported Spring project. It structures Spring Boot 3 applications through modules and events using conventions and optional configuration. That module structure is now visible in IDEs like Spring Tool Suite and Visual Studio Code through actuators. The Event Publication Registry (EPR) persists event completion faster. And Integration Tests Scenarios ease testing events.

Spring Modulith modules exist because Java packages are not hierarchical. In the sample below, Java’s default visibility already hides the example.inventory.SomethingInventoryInternal class from other packages. But the example.order.internal package must be public so example.order can access it. That makes it visible to all other packages.

└─  src/main/java
   ├─  example
   |  └─  Application.java
   ├─  example.inventory
   |  ├─  InventoryManagement.java
   |  └─  SomethingInventoryInternal.java
   ├─  example.order
   |  └─  OrderManagement.java
   └─  example.order.internal
      └─  SomethingOrderInternal.java

Spring Modulith modules neither use the Java Platform Module System (JPMS) nor generate code. Instead, each direct sub-package of the main package is simply a module by default. That’s inventory and order in the example above. All public types in the package make up the module API. Crucially, Spring Modulith considers sub-packages internal to the module. That solves the problem of the public example.order.internal package described above.

Java still compiles when modules access other modules’ internal packages. But the Spring Modulith test ApplicationModules.of(Application.class).verify() will fail then. Spring Modulith uses ArchUnit to detect such violations.

Spring Modulith encourages using Spring Framework application events for communication between modules. Spring Modulith enhances these events with the EPR, guaranteeing event delivery. So even if a module receiving the event crashes or the entire application does, the registry still delivers the event when the module or application runs again.

The EPR stores events with JPA, JDBC, and MongoDB. The latter one gained automatically configured transactions in this release. An application with Spring Modulith can use modules and events together or each feature alone.

Until now, asynchronous transaction event listeners required three annotations:

@Component
class InventoryManagement 

  @Async
  @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
  @TransactionalEventListener
  void on(OrderCompleted event)  /*…*/

The new @ApplicationModuleListener shortcut in version 1.0 simplifies that:

@Component
class InventoryManagement 

  @ApplicationModuleListener
  void on(OrderCompleted event)  /*…*/

Testing asynchronous transactional code can be challenging. That’s where the new Integration Test Scenarios help. They can be injected into Java tests and allow to define both the start of an event-driven test and its expected results. Furthermore, these scenarios can customize execution details and define additional event tests.

jMolecules defines annotations for architectures, such as Domain-Driven Design (@ValueObject or @Repository, for example) or Hexagonal Architecture (like @Port and @Adapter). Spring Modulith 1.0 detects jMolecules annotations and generates application documentation that groups classes by their annotated role, such as “Port” or “Adapter”.

VMware announced the upcoming Spring Modulith 1.1 at Spring One in August 2023. This new version requires Spring Boot 3.2, which will be released on November 23, 2023. Version 1.1 will support additional databases for event persistence, such as Neo4J, to better align with Spring Data. And it can automatically send events to external destinations. That’s helpful when at least some of the events are of interest to other applications. Version 1.1 will support Kafka, AMQP, and potentially Redis as external event destinations.

Oliver Drotbohm, Staff 2 Engineer at VMware and the driving force behind Spring Modulith, spoke to InfoQ about Spring Modulith.

InfoQ: Spring Modulith has been out for ten months. How has the feedback been so far?

Oliver Drotbohm: The feedback at conferences and in online communities has been overwhelmingly positive. The primary aspect that made folks slightly hesitant was the fact that the project was considered experimental until its release a few days ago. We’re looking forward to how the community will adopt it with that impediment removed.

InfoQ: How do you define success for Spring Modulith? And how do you measure it?

Drotbohm: As with all Spring projects, we are monitoring the Maven Central download numbers, of course, because those are skewed in either direction. Still, the trends in the number’s development are usually a good indicator of the usage growth rate of an individual project. We also have numbers from start.spring.io. Given that Spring Modulith’s primary target is new applications, those will hopefully give us a good impression as well. Other than that, GitHub stars, definitely as well.

InfoQ: Spring Tool Suite and VS Code can read the module structure. What are your plans for also supporting IntelliJ and Eclipse?

Drotbohm: Eclipse is supported via the STS plugins. For IDEA, we’re in touch with the development team, and they’re currently looking into it.

InfoQ: Spring Modulith currently has two core abstractions – modules and events. What other abstractions do you envision in future versions – if any?

Drotbohm: The two abstractions actually serve the two fundamental activities in software architecture as described by Neil Ford and Mark Richards in “Software Architecture — The Hard Parts“: “pulling things apart,” i.e., defining an application’s functional decomposition, and “putting them back together,” by defining a programming model for the decomposed individual parts to interact eventually. The application modules concept helps to implement functional structure within a code base, including means to make sure that things that are supposed to stay apart actually do. The event-based application integration programming model we recommend allows those modules to still interact in an eventually consistent way.

We are currently primarily looking for these two parts to evolve, find out how the community will use them, and how we can react to make them even more useful. The event externalization mechanism currently scheduled for 1.1 M1 reflects that.

InfoQ: In your estimation, what percentage of Spring Modulith applications use modules, and what percentage uses events?

Drotbohm: We’ll have to see what the download numbers for the individual Spring Modulith artifacts will tell. The stats during the experimental phase show a 90/10 split for modules (including the module integration test support) versus events.

About the Author

Karsten Silz


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Ottawa orders TikTok’s Canadian arm to be dissolved

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1 week ago

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November 6, 2024

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The federal government is ordering the dissolution of TikTok’s Canadian business after a national security review of the Chinese company behind the social media platform, but stopped short of ordering people to stay off the app.

Industry Minister François-Philippe Champagne announced the government’s “wind up” demand Wednesday, saying it is meant to address “risks” related to ByteDance Ltd.’s establishment of TikTok Technology Canada Inc.

“The decision was based on the information and evidence collected over the course of the review and on the advice of Canada’s security and intelligence community and other government partners,” he said in a statement.

The announcement added that the government is not blocking Canadians’ access to the TikTok application or their ability to create content.

However, it urged people to “adopt good cybersecurity practices and assess the possible risks of using social media platforms and applications, including how their information is likely to be protected, managed, used and shared by foreign actors, as well as to be aware of which country’s laws apply.”

Champagne’s office did not immediately respond to a request for comment seeking details about what evidence led to the government’s dissolution demand, how long ByteDance has to comply and why the app is not being banned.

A TikTok spokesperson said in a statement that the shutdown of its Canadian offices will mean the loss of hundreds of well-paying local jobs.

“We will challenge this order in court,” the spokesperson said.

“The TikTok platform will remain available for creators to find an audience, explore new interests and for businesses to thrive.”

The federal Liberals ordered a national security review of TikTok in September 2023, but it was not public knowledge until The Canadian Press reported in March that it was investigating the company.

At the time, it said the review was based on the expansion of a business, which it said constituted the establishment of a new Canadian entity. It declined to provide any further details about what expansion it was reviewing.

A government database showed a notification of new business from TikTok in June 2023. It said Network Sense Ventures Ltd. in Toronto and Vancouver would engage in “marketing, advertising, and content/creator development activities in relation to the use of the TikTok app in Canada.”

Even before the review, ByteDance and TikTok were lightning rod for privacy and safety concerns because Chinese national security laws compel organizations in the country to assist with intelligence gathering.

Such concerns led the U.S. House of Representatives to pass a bill in March designed to ban TikTok unless its China-based owner sells its stake in the business.

Champagne’s office has maintained Canada’s review was not related to the U.S. bill, which has yet to pass.

Canada’s review was carried out through the Investment Canada Act, which allows the government to investigate any foreign investment with potential to might harm national security.

While cabinet can make investors sell parts of the business or shares, Champagne has said the act doesn’t allow him to disclose details of the review.

Wednesday’s dissolution order was made in accordance with the act.

The federal government banned TikTok from its mobile devices in February 2023 following the launch of an investigation into the company by federal and provincial privacy commissioners.

— With files from Anja Karadeglija in Ottawa

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 6, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Here is how to prepare your online accounts for when you die

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3 weeks ago

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October 24, 2024

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LONDON (AP) — Most people have accumulated a pile of data — selfies, emails, videos and more — on their social media and digital accounts over their lifetimes. What happens to it when we die?

It’s wise to draft a will spelling out who inherits your physical assets after you’re gone, but don’t forget to take care of your digital estate too. Friends and family might treasure files and posts you’ve left behind, but they could get lost in digital purgatory after you pass away unless you take some simple steps.

Here’s how you can prepare your digital life for your survivors:

Apple

The iPhone maker lets you nominate a “ legacy contact ” who can access your Apple account’s data after you die. The company says it’s a secure way to give trusted people access to photos, files and messages. To set it up you’ll need an Apple device with a fairly recent operating system — iPhones and iPads need iOS or iPadOS 15.2 and MacBooks needs macOS Monterey 12.1.

For iPhones, go to settings, tap Sign-in & Security and then Legacy Contact. You can name one or more people, and they don’t need an Apple ID or device.

You’ll have to share an access key with your contact. It can be a digital version sent electronically, or you can print a copy or save it as a screenshot or PDF.

Take note that there are some types of files you won’t be able to pass on — including digital rights-protected music, movies and passwords stored in Apple’s password manager. Legacy contacts can only access a deceased user’s account for three years before Apple deletes the account.

Google

Google takes a different approach with its Inactive Account Manager, which allows you to share your data with someone if it notices that you’ve stopped using your account.

When setting it up, you need to decide how long Google should wait — from three to 18 months — before considering your account inactive. Once that time is up, Google can notify up to 10 people.

You can write a message informing them you’ve stopped using the account, and, optionally, include a link to download your data. You can choose what types of data they can access — including emails, photos, calendar entries and YouTube videos.

There’s also an option to automatically delete your account after three months of inactivity, so your contacts will have to download any data before that deadline.

Facebook and Instagram

Some social media platforms can preserve accounts for people who have died so that friends and family can honor their memories.

When users of Facebook or Instagram die, parent company Meta says it can memorialize the account if it gets a “valid request” from a friend or family member. Requests can be submitted through an online form.

The social media company strongly recommends Facebook users add a legacy contact to look after their memorial accounts. Legacy contacts can do things like respond to new friend requests and update pinned posts, but they can’t read private messages or remove or alter previous posts. You can only choose one person, who also has to have a Facebook account.

You can also ask Facebook or Instagram to delete a deceased user’s account if you’re a close family member or an executor. You’ll need to send in documents like a death certificate.

TikTok

The video-sharing platform says that if a user has died, people can submit a request to memorialize the account through the settings menu. Go to the Report a Problem section, then Account and profile, then Manage account, where you can report a deceased user.

Once an account has been memorialized, it will be labeled “Remembering.” No one will be able to log into the account, which prevents anyone from editing the profile or using the account to post new content or send messages.

X

It’s not possible to nominate a legacy contact on Elon Musk’s social media site. But family members or an authorized person can submit a request to deactivate a deceased user’s account.

Passwords

Besides the major online services, you’ll probably have dozens if not hundreds of other digital accounts that your survivors might need to access. You could just write all your login credentials down in a notebook and put it somewhere safe. But making a physical copy presents its own vulnerabilities. What if you lose track of it? What if someone finds it?

Instead, consider a password manager that has an emergency access feature. Password managers are digital vaults that you can use to store all your credentials. Some, like Keeper,Bitwarden and NordPass, allow users to nominate one or more trusted contacts who can access their keys in case of an emergency such as a death.

But there are a few catches: Those contacts also need to use the same password manager and you might have to pay for the service.

___

Is there a tech challenge you need help figuring out? Write to us at onetechtip@ap.org with your questions.

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Google’s partnership with AI startup Anthropic faces a UK competition investigation

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3 weeks ago

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October 24, 2024

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LONDON (AP) — Britain’s competition watchdog said Thursday it’s opening a formal investigation into Google’s partnership with artificial intelligence startup Anthropic.

The Competition and Markets Authority said it has “sufficient information” to launch an initial probe after it sought input earlier this year on whether the deal would stifle competition.

The CMA has until Dec. 19 to decide whether to approve the deal or escalate its investigation.

“Google is committed to building the most open and innovative AI ecosystem in the world,” the company said. “Anthropic is free to use multiple cloud providers and does, and we don’t demand exclusive tech rights.”

San Francisco-based Anthropic was founded in 2021 by siblings Dario and Daniela Amodei, who previously worked at ChatGPT maker OpenAI. The company has focused on increasing the safety and reliability of AI models. Google reportedly agreed last year to make a multibillion-dollar investment in Anthropic, which has a popular chatbot named Claude.

Anthropic said it’s cooperating with the regulator and will provide “the complete picture about Google’s investment and our commercial collaboration.”

“We are an independent company and none of our strategic partnerships or investor relationships diminish the independence of our corporate governance or our freedom to partner with others,” it said in a statement.

The U.K. regulator has been scrutinizing a raft of AI deals as investment money floods into the industry to capitalize on the artificial intelligence boom. Last month it cleared Anthropic’s $4 billion deal with Amazon and it has also signed off on Microsoft’s deals with two other AI startups, Inflection and Mistral.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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