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Study: A decline in temporary migration could hurt Canada’s economy

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Although many rightfully link Canada’s economic and demographic growth to a permanent resident boom in recent years, a new Desjardins study suggests that Canada may be underestimating the effect that temporary migration has on the national economy in this country.

According to economist Marc Desormeaux, Canada’s economy could be “hit hard” if the country experiences a decline in non-permanent resident (NPR) migration in the face of a period of economic weakness.

The current state of non-permanent resident migration in Canada

Non-permanent (temporary) resident migration is at the root of Canada’s population growth in “most provinces.”

Note: Temporary residents are a category of migrants to Canada including groups such as foreign workers, international students and refugees

Specifically, foreign worker migration (those with work permits) has led the charge with respect to NPR growth in the last year, as this group has accounted for 70% of all growth in this category. This was found to be true both nationally and in Canada’s four biggest provinces (but more on that later).

Results and Impacts

In this study, predictive modelling – including an upside scenario, downside scenario and worst-case scenario – is used to project how the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Canada’s four largest provinces* (Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec and Alberta) would be impacted based on different levels of NPR admission across Canada in 2023 (2023-2024) and 2024 (2024-2025).

*These provinces made up almost 90% of Canada’s total GDP in 2022

Understanding that these results vary by province – between a 0.5 and nearly 2 percentage point drop in GDP in the downside and worst-case scenario projections – the overall results of this study suggest that all four assessed provinces will see a hit to their GDP if Canada sees a reduction in temporary resident migration.

What this means is that the “health” of Canada’s economy would decline as a result of a drop in temporary resident migration. This is because GDP is used to define “the monetary value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific period.” In other words, a declining GDP, “used to estimate the size of an economy and its growth rate”, would signal a negative short-term economic future across this country.

Some adverse impacts of a declining GDP may include:

  • An economic recession
  • A decline in “real income”
  • Reduced production
  • Increased unemployment

Conclusion: What could happen if temporary resident migration slows across Canada?

NPR admissions across Canada tend to rise and fall in concert with national economic cycles. In other words, NPR admissions across Canada’s four biggest provinces usually grow when the economy is strong and falter in times of economic struggle.

In light of these results, and expecting a possible recession in the near future, Desjardins makes it clear that Canada’s “recent population‑induced boost to economic activity and tax revenues may not last forever.” In other words, temporary migration to Canada must maintain itself through periods of economic volatility if Canada wants to try to avoid having to “grapple with the immense challenges of a rapidly aging population and a lack of affordable housing supply.”

To accomplish this, Desjardins suggests that Canada needs to produce better data on temporary migration to Canada, as this would help the country “appropriately calibrate labour and housing market policy.”

 

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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Economy

Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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