adplus-dvertising
Connect with us

Investment

The high cost of overcomplicating your investments

Published

 on

Sam Sivarajan is a speaker, independent wealth management consultant and author of three books on investing and decision-making.

In the world of personal fitness, new products and shiny gadgets are constantly flooding the market. Yet, they are just variations of a few basic movements: push, pull and cardio exercises. While workouts can get complicated, the core principles of human physiology remain the same.

The world of investing is no different. Despite the myriad of mutual funds and ETFs, and the emergence of new asset classes, the fundamental principles of investing haven’t changed: buy low, sell high; diversify across asset classes and geographies; prioritize consistency over timing, etc. Here, complexity doesn’t equate to better returns.

Howard Marks, a renowned portfolio manager, regularly publishes investment memos. In one, he emphasized the power of simplicity and consistency, telling the story of David VanBenschoten, who managed the General Mills pension fund. Over 14 years, David’s fund never ranked above the 27th percentile or below the 47th percentile in annual returns. Yet, his fund ended up in the fourth percentile overall for that period, outperforming 96 per cent of other funds. This success came not from aiming for top performance each year, but from avoiding large losses and maintaining steady, above-average returns.

Karl Weick’s analysis of the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1970s underscores a similar point. The Steelers won 98 per cent of their games against weaker teams using a simple game plan, but their success rate dropped to 50 per cent against stronger teams, where more complex strategies were needed.

This shows that consistently executing a straightforward plan can lead to extraordinary success in most situations – the Steelers won four Super Bowls in this period.

The recent experience of the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board illustrates the potential dangers of taking a more complex approach. Since 2006, the CPPIB shifted from a simple, low-cost index-based strategy to a complex, actively managed approach. This change increased staffing to more than 2,100 today from roughly 150 employees in 2006, and costs soared to $3.5-billion from $36-million. Despite these efforts, the CPPIB’s performance lagged those of a simple, passive investment strategy.

Over an 18-year period, the CPPIB’s active management strategy resulted in a negative annualized return of 0.1 per cent relative to its benchmark, amounting to a $42.7-billion loss. While the fund achieved an annualized 7.7-per-cent return, the reference portfolio – a composite of global equity and bond indexes – earned 7.8 per cent annually. This underperformance highlights how complexity can introduce unnecessary costs and risks that outweigh potential benefits.

Andrew Coyne points out that the CPPIB’s experience is not unique. Many actively managed funds underperform their benchmarks, especially after fees. The CPPIB’s transformation into a “giant hedge fund” involved stock picking, board seats and investing in alternative assets such as real estate and private equity. These efforts increased the fund’s complexity and costs without delivering better returns.

The Pareto principle, or the 80/20 rule, asserts that 80 per cent of results come from 20 per cent of the effort. In investing, focusing on core factors, such as making consistent contributions, minimizing costs and diversifying, can help achieve most goals.

Research by Victor De Miguel and colleagues showed that a simple equal-weighted portfolio often outperforms more complex strategies that are based on mean-variance optimization. (The optimization approach suggests that one can, through analysis and calculation, identify a portfolio that maximizes returns for any given level of risk.)

Even Harry Markowitz, the Nobel-prizing winning father of mean-variance optimization, admitted to not following his own advice. He said that he split his investments equally between stocks and bonds rather than following the complex approach for which he won his Nobel Prize.

When it comes to investing, it’s crucial to establish goals, time horizons and risk appetite at the outset. While these factors differ for institutional investors – like the CPPIB – compared with individual investors, Leonardo da Vinci’s motto is worth keeping in mind: “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.”

Be smart with your money. Get the latest investing insights delivered right to your inbox three times a week, with the Globe Investor newsletter. Sign up today.

 

728x90x4

Source link

Continue Reading

Economy

S&P/TSX composite tops 24,000 points for first time, U.S. markets also rise Thursday

Published

 on

 

TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index closed above 24,000 for the first time Thursday as strength in base metals and other sectors outweighed losses in energy, while U.S. markets also rose and the S&P 500 notched another record as well.

“Another day, another record,” said Angelo Kourkafas, senior investment strategist at Edward Jones.

“The path of least resistance continues to be higher.”

The S&P/TSX composite index closed up 127.95 points at 24,033.83.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 260.36 points at 42,175.11. The S&P 500 index was up 23.11 points at 5,745.37, while the Nasdaq composite was up 108.09 points at 18,190.29.

Markets continue to be optimistic about an economic soft landing, said Kourkafas, after the U.S. Federal Reserve last week announced an outsized cut to its key interest rate following months of speculation about when it would start easing policy.

Economic data Thursday added to the story that the U.S. economy remains resilient despite higher rates, said Kourkafas.

The U.S. economy grew at a three-per-cent annual rate in the second quarter, one report said, picking up from the first quarter of the year. Another report showed fewer U.S. workers applied for unemployment benefits last week.

The data shows “the economy remains on strong footing while the Fed is pivoting now in a decisive way towards an easier policy,” said Kourkafas.

The Fed’s decisive move gave investors more reason to believe that a soft landing is still the “base case scenario,” he said, “and likely reduces the downside risks for a recession by having the Fed moving too late or falling behind the curve.”

North of the border, the TSX usually gets a boost from Wall St. strength, said Kourkafas, but on Thursday the index also reflected some optimism of its own as the Bank of Canada has already cut rates three times to address weakening in the economy.

“The Bank of Canada likely now will be emboldened by the Fed,” he said.

“They didn’t want to move too far ahead of the Fed, and now that the Fed moved in a bigger-than-expected way, that provides more room for the Bank of Canada to cut as aggressively as needed to support the economy, given that inflation is within the target range.”

The TSX has also been benefiting from strength in materials after China’s central bank announced several measures meant to support the company’s economy, said Kourkafas.

However, energy stocks dragged on the Canadian index as oil prices fell Thursday following a report that Saudi Arabia was preparing to abandon its unofficial US$100-per-barrel price target for crude as it prepares to increase its output.

The Canadian dollar traded for 74.22 cents US compared with 74.28 cents US on Wednesday.

The November crude oil contract was down US$2.02 at US$67.67 per barrel and the November natural gas contract was down seven cents at US$2.75 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$10.20 at US$2,694.90 an ounce and the December copper contract was up 15 cents at US$4.64 a pound.

— With files from The Associated Press

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 26, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

Source link

Continue Reading

Economy

S&P/TSX composite up more than 100 points, U.S. stocks also higher

Published

 on

 

TORONTO – Canada’s main stock index was up more than 100 points in late-morning trading, helped by strength in the base metal sector, while U.S. stock markets were also higher.

The S&P/TSX composite index was 143.00 points at 24,048.88.

In New York, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 174.22 points at 42,088.97. The S&P 500 index was up 10.23 points at 5,732.49, while the Nasdaq composite was up 30.02 points at 18,112.23.

The Canadian dollar traded for 74.23 cents US compared with 74.28 cents US on Wednesday.

The November crude oil contract was down US$1.68 at US$68.01 per barrel and the November natural gas contract was down six cents at US$2.75 per mmBTU.

The December gold contract was up US$4.40 at US$2,689.10 an ounce and the December copper contract was up 13 cents at US$4.62 a pound.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 26, 2024.

Companies in this story: (TSX:GSPTSE, TSX:CADUSD)

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

Source link

Continue Reading

Investment

Tempted to switch to an online-only bank? Know the perks and drawbacks

Published

 on

 

Switching to an online-only bank more than a decade ago was just another way Jessica Morgan was trying to save money at the time as a new grad.

“Saving money was the main motivator,” Morgan, now a financial educator and founder of Canadianbudget.ca, recalled.

“After graduating, you no longer qualify for student rates where you might get free banking and I didn’t want to go back to paying fees for giving the bank my money to hold.”

Digital lenders have grown in popularity in recent years, with more players popping up in the sector and traditional banks beefing up their online offerings. But some Canadians may still be hesitant to bank with a financial firm that doesn’t have physical branches where you can talk to an employee face-to-face.

Natasha Macmillan, director of everyday banking at Ratehub.ca, says some of that hesitancy to switch to an online lender is loyalty.

“There’s a large portion of Canadians who have had the same bank account for many years … they’re just hesitant to switch because it’s what they know.”

Tedious paperwork to switch banks can also discourage many Canadians from making the move despite the ease of opening online-only bank accounts, Macmillan added.

“There’s that aspect of you still need to sit down, do your research and then pick that online-only bank,” she said.

Data security concerns have also sowed seeds of doubt among many who are contemplating the switch, and prefer to continue to work with traditional banks with long-established reputations, Macmillan said.

Morgan said she often hears concerns from her clients — “What if I need help? Is this bank safe to use?” or more logistical questions, such as having access to an ATM or getting certified cheques.

One of the only major snags she personally recalls running into with her online lender was when she was purchasing a home.

“I needed to get a certified cheque, like, right away if I was going to put in an offer,” Morgan said. “You can get a certified cheque but it takes three days or so. They courier it to you.” She ended up going to her husband’s traditional bank to get day-of service.

Most online-only banks tend to offer banking products, such as savings accounts, with higher interest rates compared with traditional banks. Many also offer access to cash through any bank ATM without charge.

“Digital banks have generally a lower cost structure than a traditional bank and those savings will be passed on to the customer,” said Mahima Poddar, group head of personal banking at EQ Bank. For example, EQ offers a high-interest chequing account with no fees on everyday banking and unlimited transactions.

But customers should be aware they can’t deposit cash into their account and they can only withdraw bills, not coins.

“We don’t offer depositing of cash, but all of our research has shown that the use of cash is really diminishing,” Poddar said. “There are very few reasons why you need to urgently deposit.”

Customers also have to get used to doing all their banking by phone or through the company’s website or app.

Poddar added she thinks Canadians are more open to change, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the need for better online banking services.

While trust in traditional institutions plays a strong role in choosing a bank, Poddar said EQ has the same level of protection and is governed by the same regulators as the big six banks in the country.

Lisa Brandt, 61, switched to online-only Manulife Bank more than five years ago. She says she has benefited from the move and has saved a lot of money over time on various banking fees.

“It puts me in the driver’s seat,” she said.

However, she did run into an issue once with depositing a cheque after she sold her home.

“If you’re going to deposit a couple hundred thousand dollars from a house sale, you’ll have to courier (the cheque) to them,” she said.

“It’s not quite as simple as walking into a branch and saying, ‘Give me my money.'”

While many online-only banks have been growing their consumer banking product offerings, traditional banks tend to have more financial product options, not only for individuals but also for small businesses.

“What we have heard from some Canadians is while they might be moving their chequing, savings and GIC accounts to those (online-only) spaces, they’re still maintaining a mortgage with the big players,” Macmillan said.

It’s not about moving all assets to one bank but weighing options on an individual basis, such as picking a bank with the lowest fee on a chequing account but moving investments to another bank for a better return, she explained.

“We’re starting to see that flexibility where people are shopping around for the best opportunity that can give them the most bang for their buck,” Macmillan said.

She added it is important for people to identify why they’re thinking of switching and find an online-only bank that aligns with their goals.

“It’s finding that happy medium where you do feel trust and security, that lower cost and fees and also the convenience and accessibility,” Macmillan said.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 26, 2024.

Source link

Continue Reading

Trending