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What does 2024 have in store for the Canadian economy?

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It’s been a long time since economic data in Canada showed very much promise. The last 18 months have been defined by a cost of living crisis and a slowing economy.

But a handful of economic indicators give us some hope for 2024.

Inflation has slowed dramatically, and the economy didn’t actually slip into recession.

“We’ve just had one of the biggest declines in inflation that we’ve ever seen without a full-on recession. That’s great news,” said Douglas Porter, chief economist at BMO Capital Markets.

“Now, can we get the rest of the way down to two per cent? Without much pain? That’s still the big question for 2024.”

Last year was dominated by the double whammy of sharply rising interest rates and stubbornly high prices.

2024 should finally see some relief on both fronts. But it will pose new challenges as well.

The Bank of Canada has been trying to get inflation back to that one- to three-per-cent window since price growth kicked off in 2021. Forecasts show CPI should be firmly within that band in the first three months of the year.

Bank of Canada Governor Tiff Macklem spent most of his year-end news conference studiously avoiding anything that could be seen as a declaration of victory.

But he certainly came close with his financial lingo.

“The excess demand that drove prices higher over the past two years is now gone, as higher interest rates and tighter global financial conditions have helped the economy rebalance,” he said on Dec. 15.

But as one problem fades, another becomes more vivid.

The Canadian economy slowed throughout the year as higher interest rates bit into households and businesses.

 

Canada’s economy in 2024: 4 things to watch

 

High interest rates, inflation and a slowing economy hit Canadian wallets hard in 2023. CBC’s Peter Armstrong breaks down the financial outlook for 2024 and why there’s still a lot of uncertainty ahead.

For months, the economy has stagnated. It hasn’t grown at all in two quarters. Heading into 2024, the concern shifts from inflation to the potential for a recession.

“With the cost of living still increasing too quickly, and with growth subdued, the next two to three quarters will be difficult for many,” said Macklem.

What will happen with the GDP?

Canada’s economy was bolstered by historic population growth last year. But when you adjust economic growth on a per capita basis, the anemic GDP numbers look even worse.

“Canadian GDP has already declined for five consecutive quarters on a per-capita basis with Q4 likely to stretch that run to 6,” wrote RBC economists  Nathan Janzen and Claire Fan.

Meantime, the economy still hasn’t absorbed the full impact of all those rate hikes. The Bank of Canada says that usually takes about 18 months.

The central bank’s first hike came in March of 2022. That was 21 months ago. Economists such as Royce Mendes, managing director and head of macro strategy at Desjardins Capital, say more pain is coming.

“There’s a wall of mortgage renewals that this economy is about to hit. and to get going into 2025, it’s only going to get worse,” he told CBC News.

Mortgage rates to fall?

The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation says only about 300,000 homeowners have renewed their mortgages at these new higher rates.

Over the next two years, another 2.2 million Canadian households will be hit with significantly higher rates.

Mendes says that statistic alone should help spur the Bank of Canada on to start cutting interest rates in the first half of this year.

“While the Bank of Canada will probably be lowering rates in 2024, it might still be lowering rates even further and 2025 to help offset some of the pain that will be coming from those mortgage renewals,” said Mendes.

The C.D. Howe institute surveyed its council of monetary policy experts in December. They were asked when the central bank should start cutting rates and where they think the bank’s key overnight lending rate will be at the end of 2024.

The members differ in their approach. Some say the central bank should start cutting as early as the January meeting. Most recommend the bank get at least one cut under its belt by June.

A man walks through a doorway.
Bank of Canada Governor Tiff Macklem, seen here at a news conference in 2020, said in his end-of-year-news conference that ‘higher interest rates and tighter global financial conditions have helped the economy rebalance.’ (Nathan Denette/The Canadian Press)

By the end of the year, the council recommends the Bank of Canada get rates down to four per cent.

That should provide some relief to Canadian households and businesses that were clobbered in 2023. Price growth has moderated and will continue to ease down to the vaunted two per cent target, interest rates should come down.

But make no mistake, serious damage has been done. Even the once-resilient Canadian consumer has slowed and become more cautious as the economic pain dragged on the past two years.

“The cracks that are starting to show up in Canadian consumers’ spending behaviour and finances are expected to get gradually wider,” wrote CIBC economists Andrew Grantham and Katherine Judge in a note to clients.

But they say the cracks aren’t expected to turn into a chasm “in part due to the fact that households have already started to make some adjustments and aren’t spending excessively relative to pre-2020 norms.”

That’s not exactly a ringing endorsement; things won’t be great, but they probably won’t explode into something terrible. But after all these years of turmoil and trouble, consumers are used to finding cause of optimism in some gloomy outlooks. And if you squint past the first half of the year, you can just start to make out the picture of an economy getting back on track in the second half of 2024.

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Economy

B.C.’s debt and deficit forecast to rise as the provincial election nears

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VICTORIA – British Columbia is forecasting a record budget deficit and a rising debt of almost $129 billion less than two weeks before the start of a provincial election campaign where economic stability and future progress are expected to be major issues.

Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who has announced her retirement and will not seek re-election in the Oct. 19 vote, said Tuesday her final budget update as minister predicts a deficit of $8.9 billion, up $1.1 billion from a forecast she made earlier this year.

Conroy said she acknowledges “challenges” facing B.C., including three consecutive deficit budgets, but expected improved economic growth where the province will start to “turn a corner.”

The $8.9 billion deficit forecast for 2024-2025 is followed by annual deficit projections of $6.7 billion and $6.1 billion in 2026-2027, Conroy said at a news conference outlining the government’s first quarterly financial update.

Conroy said lower corporate income tax and natural resource revenues and the increased cost of fighting wildfires have had some of the largest impacts on the budget.

“I want to acknowledge the economic uncertainties,” she said. “While global inflation is showing signs of easing and we’ve seen cuts to the Bank of Canada interest rates, we know that the challenges are not over.”

Conroy said wildfire response costs are expected to total $886 million this year, more than $650 million higher than originally forecast.

Corporate income tax revenue is forecast to be $638 million lower as a result of federal government updates and natural resource revenues are down $299 million due to lower prices for natural gas, lumber and electricity, she said.

Debt-servicing costs are also forecast to be $344 million higher due to the larger debt balance, the current interest rate and accelerated borrowing to ensure services and capital projects are maintained through the province’s election period, said Conroy.

B.C.’s economic growth is expected to strengthen over the next three years, but the timing of a return to a balanced budget will fall to another minister, said Conroy, who was addressing what likely would be her last news conference as Minister of Finance.

The election is expected to be called on Sept. 21, with the vote set for Oct. 19.

“While we are a strong province, people are facing challenges,” she said. “We have never shied away from taking those challenges head on, because we want to keep British Columbians secure and help them build good lives now and for the long term. With the investments we’re making and the actions we’re taking to support people and build a stronger economy, we’ve started to turn a corner.”

Premier David Eby said before the fiscal forecast was released Tuesday that the New Democrat government remains committed to providing services and supports for people in British Columbia and cuts are not on his agenda.

Eby said people have been hurt by high interest costs and the province is facing budget pressures connected to low resource prices, high wildfire costs and struggling global economies.

The premier said that now is not the time to reduce supports and services for people.

Last month’s year-end report for the 2023-2024 budget saw the province post a budget deficit of $5.035 billion, down from the previous forecast of $5.9 billion.

Eby said he expects government financial priorities to become a major issue during the upcoming election, with the NDP pledging to continue to fund services and the B.C. Conservatives looking to make cuts.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said the debt would be going up to more than $129 billion. In fact, it will be almost $129 billion.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Mark Carney mum on carbon-tax advice, future in politics at Liberal retreat

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NANAIMO, B.C. – Former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney says he’ll be advising the Liberal party to flip some the challenges posed by an increasingly divided and dangerous world into an economic opportunity for Canada.

But he won’t say what his specific advice will be on economic issues that are politically divisive in Canada, like the carbon tax.

He presented his vision for the Liberals’ economic policy at the party’s caucus retreat in Nanaimo, B.C. today, after he agreed to help the party prepare for the next election as chair of a Liberal task force on economic growth.

Carney has been touted as a possible leadership contender to replace Justin Trudeau, who has said he has tried to coax Carney into politics for years.

Carney says if the prime minister asks him to do something he will do it to the best of his ability, but won’t elaborate on whether the new adviser role could lead to him adding his name to a ballot in the next election.

Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland says she has been taking advice from Carney for years, and that his new position won’t infringe on her role.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Nova Scotia bill would kick-start offshore wind industry without approval from Ottawa

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government has introduced a bill that would kick-start the province’s offshore wind industry without federal approval.

Natural Resources Minister Tory Rushton says amendments within a new omnibus bill introduced today will help ensure Nova Scotia meets its goal of launching a first call for offshore wind bids next year.

The province wants to offer project licences by 2030 to develop a total of five gigawatts of power from offshore wind.

Rushton says normally the province would wait for the federal government to adopt legislation establishing a wind industry off Canada’s East Coast, but that process has been “progressing slowly.”

Federal legislation that would enable the development of offshore wind farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador has passed through the first and second reading in the Senate, and is currently under consideration in committee.

Rushton says the Nova Scotia bill mirrors the federal legislation and would prevent the province’s offshore wind industry from being held up in Ottawa.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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