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Zero Cases Of Cervical Cancer In Those Who Received HPV Vaccine, Study Finds

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There were zero cases of invasive cervical cancer in women who received the HPV vaccine before the age of 14, according to a recent study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

The study group, based at Public Health Scotland and Edinburgh, looked at women born between 1988 and 1996 who had access to the cervical cancer screening program in Scotland since 2008. The program offers cervical cancer screening to every woman in Scotland, including the 450,000 women in the review.

Of the women enrolled in the study, 40,000 received two doses of the HPV vaccine between the ages of 12 and 13, 120,000 received three doses of the HPV vaccine between the ages of 14 and 22 and nearly 300,000 were not vaccinated. At the time of data review in 2020, there were no cases of cervical cancer in the group that received a vaccine series between ages 12 and 13. Those who received the series (three doses instead of two) at an older age, between 14 and 22 years, had a nearly three times less likely chance of developing cervical cancer (3.2 cases per 100,000 women) than those who had not been vaccinated (8.4 cases per 100,000 women).

It is well known that nearly 90% of cervical cancer cases are caused by the human papillomavirus, or HPV, which, until the advent of the HPV vaccine, under the trade name Gardasil, was a prevalent virus in the adult population. There are over 11,000 new cases of cervical cancer annually in the U.S., with nearly 4,000 cervical cancer deaths each year. Worldwide, there are over 600,000 new cases of cervical cancer annually, and over 300,000 deaths each year. The majority of these cases and deaths are in countries with poor access to HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening programs. Men can also develop cancers due to HPV, including those of the throat, anus and penis.

Studies that have been published in the years following widespread availability of the HPV vaccine, recommended for preteens of any gender, have led to marked reduction in incidence of cervical cancer. The vaccine is now recommended in the U.S. to all preteens beginning at age 11 or 12.

In the U.S. and Canada, the link between HPV and sexually transmitted infections has led to stigmatizing the vaccine as a “sex” vaccine as opposed to a “cancer prevention” one, leading to the false notion that this vaccine will lead adolescents to high-risk sexual activity. In fact, there has been no increase in sexual activity linked to receipt of the HPV vaccine at any age.

Scotland now offers HPV vaccination in schools. This has led to a nearly 90% vaccination rate in its teen population. In the U.S., HPV vaccination remains at about 60%. It’s also important to note that the HPV vaccine itself has evolved over the past decade or so, with the addition of increased vaccine strains included in protection, as well as reduction from the initial three-dose series to now just two doses.

The timing of the vaccine remains an important area to continue to monitor. The study from Scotland clearly showed a difference in outcomes when the vaccine was given at ages 12 or 13, as opposed to 14 years and older. There may be a mechanism of increased protection if the vaccine is given at a longer lead time prior to sexual activity, although this remains unknown.

A very rare entity of HPV infection, known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), causes multiple growths in the voice box and windpipe, leading to airway blockage in infants and children. This young population acquires HPV in utero and/or during delivery. Some centers are offering the HPV vaccine off-label as a beneficial adjuvant therapy during treatment of this disease. While giving the HPV vaccine during active disease has been shown to reduce RRP disease burden, the only means of prevention is to administer the vaccine prior to infection.

Despite public health initiatives, vaccinations remain a source of controversy and contention. This vaccine in particular, which has been associated with prevention of sexually transmitted infections, has even more barriers to cross in order to become widely approved. Continued presentation of cancer prevention data in vaccinated populations may move this important needle in a better direction.

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How many Nova Scotians are on the doctor wait-list? Number hit 160,000 in June

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HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government says it could be months before it reveals how many people are on the wait-list for a family doctor.

The head of the province’s health authority told reporters Wednesday that the government won’t release updated data until the 160,000 people who were on the wait-list in June are contacted to verify whether they still need primary care.

Karen Oldfield said Nova Scotia Health is working on validating the primary care wait-list data before posting new numbers, and that work may take a matter of months. The most recent public wait-list figures are from June 1, when 160,234 people, or about 16 per cent of the population, were on it.

“It’s going to take time to make 160,000 calls,” Oldfield said. “We are not talking weeks, we are talking months.”

The interim CEO and president of Nova Scotia Health said people on the list are being asked where they live, whether they still need a family doctor, and to give an update on their health.

A spokesperson with the province’s Health Department says the government and its health authority are “working hard” to turn the wait-list registry into a useful tool, adding that the data will be shared once it is validated.

Nova Scotia’s NDP are calling on Premier Tim Houston to immediately release statistics on how many people are looking for a family doctor. On Tuesday, the NDP introduced a bill that would require the health minister to make the number public every month.

“It is unacceptable for the list to be more than three months out of date,” NDP Leader Claudia Chender said Tuesday.

Chender said releasing this data regularly is vital so Nova Scotians can track the government’s progress on its main 2021 campaign promise: fixing health care.

The number of people in need of a family doctor has more than doubled between the 2021 summer election campaign and June 2024. Since September 2021 about 300 doctors have been added to the provincial health system, the Health Department said.

“We’ll know if Tim Houston is keeping his 2021 election promise to fix health care when Nova Scotians are attached to primary care,” Chender said.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 11, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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Newfoundland and Labrador monitoring rise in whooping cough cases: medical officer

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ST. JOHN’S, N.L. – Newfoundland and Labrador‘s chief medical officer is monitoring the rise of whooping cough infections across the province as cases of the highly contagious disease continue to grow across Canada.

Dr. Janice Fitzgerald says that so far this year, the province has recorded 230 confirmed cases of the vaccine-preventable respiratory tract infection, also known as pertussis.

Late last month, Quebec reported more than 11,000 cases during the same time period, while Ontario counted 470 cases, well above the five-year average of 98. In Quebec, the majority of patients are between the ages of 10 and 14.

Meanwhile, New Brunswick has declared a whooping cough outbreak across the province. A total of 141 cases were reported by last month, exceeding the five-year average of 34.

The disease can lead to severe complications among vulnerable populations including infants, who are at the highest risk of suffering from complications like pneumonia and seizures. Symptoms may start with a runny nose, mild fever and cough, then progress to severe coughing accompanied by a distinctive “whooping” sound during inhalation.

“The public, especially pregnant people and those in close contact with infants, are encouraged to be aware of symptoms related to pertussis and to ensure vaccinations are up to date,” Newfoundland and Labrador’s Health Department said in a statement.

Whooping cough can be treated with antibiotics, but vaccination is the most effective way to control the spread of the disease. As a result, the province has expanded immunization efforts this school year. While booster doses are already offered in Grade 9, the vaccine is now being offered to Grade 8 students as well.

Public health officials say whooping cough is a cyclical disease that increases every two to five or six years.

Meanwhile, New Brunswick’s acting chief medical officer of health expects the current case count to get worse before tapering off.

A rise in whooping cough cases has also been reported in the United States and elsewhere. The Pan American Health Organization issued an alert in July encouraging countries to ramp up their surveillance and vaccination coverage.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 10, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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