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How Far Is Each Planet? – Worldatlas.com

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How far each planet is from the sun is a more complicated question than it appears. Each planet is in an elliptical orbit around the sun. This means that the orbits of the planets are oval-shaped, and so at different intervals, the planets will be closer or further from the sun. It can be hard to fully grasp the scale of the solar system. In order to help with this, astronomers started using astronomical units. By having one astronomical unit equal to the average distance between the Earth and the sun, astronomical units (AU) can provide an easier scale to comprehend.

Inner Solar System

The four rocky planets of the inner solar system. Image credit: NASA

Mercury is the closest planet to the sun at an average distance of 35-million miles. The elliptical orbit causes Mercury to get as close to the sun as 29-million miles and as far as 43-million miles. To put this into scale, Mercury is on average 0.387 AU from the sun. This means that Mercury is approximately a third of the way between the sun and Earth. 

Venus is the second planet from the sun and the closest planet to Earth. Venus orbits the sun at an average distance of 0.722 AU, equating to 67-million miles on average. The orbit of Venus causes it to drift between 66 to 68-million miles from the sun.

Earth is the third planet from the sun at an average distance of one AU. Scientists base Astronomical Units off the Earth, so one AU is equal to 93-million miles. Also having an elliptical orbit, Earth can be anywhere from 91-million miles from the sun to 94-million miles. 

The last planet in the inner solar system is Mars. Orbiting between 127-million miles and 155-million miles, Mars has an average distance of 142-million miles from the sun. At 1.52 AU, Mars is 1.5 times further from the sun than the Earth is.

Outer Solar System

Outer solar system
The four gas giants of the outer solar system. Image credit: NASA

First up in the outer solar system is Jupiter. There is a big jump in distances between Mars and Jupiter, ranging between 460-million to 508-million miles from the sun. On average, Jupiter is 484-million miles from the sun, equating to 5.2 AU. For perspective, this shows that Earth’s orbit could fit between the sun and Jupiter five times. 

Saturn is nearly twice as far from the sun as Jupiter is. Ranging between 839-million miles to 938-million miles, Saturn averages at 9.58 AU (889-million miles) from the sun. Earth’s orbit could fit inside Saturn’s nearly ten times. As we get further from the sun, the planets start to spread out exponentially. 

Uranus orbits at an average distance of 1.79-billion miles from the sun. This can also be written as 19.2 AU. Uranus has a major difference in its closest and furthest approach. Its furthest approach is 1.86-billion miles and it only gets as close as 1.71-billion miles.

Neptune is the outermost planet in the solar system. Ranging from 2.77-billion miles to 2.83-billion miles, Neptune has a gigantic orbit. This averages out to 2.8-billion miles from the sun or 30.1 AU. 

Average Distance From The Sun In The Solar System

Planet Distance From Sun(average) Astronomical Units From Sun (average)

Mercury

35 million miles

0.387 AU

Venus

67 million miles

0.722 AU

Earth

93 million miles

1 AU

Mars

142 million miles

1.52 AU

Jupiter

484 million miles

5.2 AU

Saturn

889 million miles

9.58 AU

Uranus

1.79 billion miles

19.2 AU

Neptune

2.8 billion miles

30.1 AU

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

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