Declaration of interests
NS, RH, KJM, AJR, SYAN, DZ, PJ, DP, MJL, CB, JRE, and WGH report institutional grant funding from Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly for the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. NS additionally reports institutional grant funding from Novo Nordisk. RH additionally reports institutional grant funding from Novartis; and trial drug supply from Roche and Regeneron. CB additionally reports grant funding from the UK Medical Research Council, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Technology Assessment, and Health Data Research UK; and advisory roles for Merck, the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Technology Assessment, the British Heart Foundation, and the European Society of Cardiology. WGH additionally reports funding from the UK Medical Research Council–Kidney Research UK Professor David Kerr Clinician Scientist Award. BLN reports consultancy fees and honorarium paid to his institution by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cambridge Healthcare Research, American Diabetes Association, Renal Society of Australasia and Janssen; and advisory board membership (fees paid to institution) with AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Boehringer Ingelheim. SJH and MB are full-time employees of Boehringer Ingelheim International. SDA reports institutional grant funding from Vifor Int and Abbott Vascular; consultancy or advisory board fees from CVRx, Amgen, Respicardia, Novo Nordisk, Brahms, Novartis, Sanofi, and Cordio; and additional leadership or advisory board roles with Vifor Int, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, Abbott Vascular, Impulse Dynamics, AstraZeneca, Bioventrix, Janssen, Cardior, V-Wave, Cardiac Dimensions, and Occlutech. JB reports consultancy fees and honorarium from Abbott, Adrenomed, Amgen, Applied Therapeutics, Array, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CVRx, G3 Pharma, Impulse Dynamics, Innolife, Janssen, LivaNova, Luitpold, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Relypsa, Roche, Sequana Medical, and Vifor. DZIC reports institutional grant funding from Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Merck, Janssen, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, CSL-Behring, and Novo Nordisk; and consultancy fees and honorarium from Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Merck, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, AbbVie, Janssen, Bayer, Prometic, Bristol Myers Squibb, Maze, Gilead, CSL-Behring, Otsuka, Novartis, Youngene, Lexicon, and Novo Nordisk. JBG reports institutional grant funding from Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Merck, Roche, and Sanofi and Lexicon; and consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Bayer, AstraZeneca, Sanofi and Lexicon, Hawthorne Effect and Omada, Pfizer, Valo, Anji, Vertex, and Novo Nordisk. C-CL is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme (a subsidiary of Merck & Co) and owns stock and/or stock options in Merck & Co. FRMcC reports grant funding from NIDDK, Satellite Healthcare, Advanced Medical, and Fifth Eye; and consultancy fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Advanced Medical, and Zydus Therapeutics. DKMcG reports consultancy fees from Merck & Co, Applied Therapeutics, Metavant, Sanofi, Afimmune, Lilly USA, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Lexicon, Altimmune, and Esperion; and other honorarium from Kirkland & Ellis, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Afimmune, Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck & Co, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Esperion, and Lilly USA. JJVMcM reports institutional grant funding from AstraZeneca; consultancy fees from Abbott, Alkem Metabolics, Eris Lifesciences, Hikma, Lupin, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Heart.Org (Medscape Cardiology), ProAdWise Communications, Radcliffe Cardiology, Servier, and The Corpus; and fees paid to his institution for other advisory roles by Cytokinetics, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Theracos, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, DalCor, Cardurion, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Bayer, KBP Biosciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Bristol Myers Squibb. MP reports personal fees from AbbVie, Actavis, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Caladrius, Casana, CSL Behring, Cytokinetics, Imara, Lilly, Moderna, Novartis, Reata, Relypsa, and Salamandra. VP reports consultancy fees, honorarium, or advisory roles supported by AbbVie, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chinook, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Baxter, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Merck, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Retrophin, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, and Vitae. MSS reports institutional grant funding from Abbott, Amgen, Anthos Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Intarcia, Ionis, Medicines Company, MedImmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Quark Pharmaceuticals; and consultancy fees from Althera, Amgen, Anthos Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Beren Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, and DalCor. SDS reports institutional grant funding from Actelion, Alnylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bellerophon, Bayer, BMS, Celladon, Cytokinetics, Eidos, Gilead, GSK, Ionis, Lilly, Mesoblast, MyoKardia, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US National Institutes of Health), Neurotronik, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Respicardia, Sanofi Pasteur, Theracos, and US2.AI; and consultancy fees from Abbott, Action, Akros, Alnylam, Amgen, Arena, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardior, Cardurion, Corvia, Cytokinetics, Daiichi-Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Merck, Myokardia, Novartis, Roche, Theracos, Quantum Genomics, Cardurion, Janssen, Cardiac Dimensions, Tenaya, Sanofi-Pasteur, Dinaqor, Tremeau, CellProThera, Moderna, American Regent, Sarepta, Lexicon, Anacardio, Akros, and Puretech Health. MV reports grant funding or advisory board fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, American Regent, Baxter HealthCare, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Pharmacosmos, Relypsa, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Galmed, Occlutech, Impulse Dynamics, Sanofi, and Tricog Health; speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Roche Diagnostics; and actively participates on clinical trial committees for studies sponsored by Galmed, Novartis, Bayer, Occlutech, and Impulse Dynamics. CW reports institutional grant funding from Boehringer Ingelheim; and consultancy fees and honorarium from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Bayer. SDW reports institutional grant funding from Abbott, Amgen, Anthos Therapeutics, ARCA Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Intarcia, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Research and Development, MedImmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Softcell Medical, The Medicines Company, and Zora Biosciences; and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Boston Clinical Research Institute, Icon Clinical, and Novo Nordisk. FZ reports consultancy fees from Amgen, Applied therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardior, Cereno Scientific, CEVA, Cellprothera, CVRx, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Servier, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb; and honorarium or other personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Bayer, Vifor, Fresenius, Roche Diagnostics, Hogan and Lovells, and Acceleron. HJLH reports grant funding from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, and Novo Nordisk; consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Chinook, Dimerix, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Goldfinch Bio, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Janssen, and Travere Therapeutics; and other payment or honorarium from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, and Eli Lilly. MJL additionally reports institutional grant funding from Novartis and Janssen; and trial drug supply from Roche and Regeneron.
