WASHINGTON — As the economic impact of the coronavirus outbreak grows worldwide, executives believe the space industry will not be immune from its effects but also may not be hurt as badly as other sectors.
The spread of the coronavirus disease, formally known as COVID-19, continues to grow both in the United States and other countries. The World Health Organization reported more than 109,000 cases worldwide as of March 9, including 3,809 deaths. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 423 cases and 19 deaths, also as of March 9.
One of those U.S. cases involves a NASA employee at the Ames Research Center in California. Ames officials announced late March 8 that an unidentified employee has tested positive for COVID-19 and, as a result, the center was closed to all but “essential personnel” until further notice. Employees were expected to telework if possible until the center resumes normal operations.
In a March 9 statement, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said that, in addition to restricting access to Ames, it was postponing three Earth science airborne science campaigns, some of which would have involved flights from Moffett Field, California, where Ames is based. NASA has not announced any other travel or related restrictions linked to the coronavirus outbreak.
“As the coronavirus (COVID-19) situation evolves, we’ll continue to closely monitor and coordinate with federal, state, and community officials to take any further appropriate steps to help safeguard the NASA family,” Bridenstine said in the statement. In a March 2 interview, he said NASA was taking its approach to the outbreak on a day-by-day basis, with different responses likely at different centers depending on conditions.
The effects of the coronavirus outbreak were also apparent at the Satellite 2020 conference here, which started March 9. Conference organizers said shortly before the start of the conference that 12% of exhibitors and an estimated 10% of attendees had canceled plans to attend because of the outbreak. Lineups of conference panels were in flux as some speakers dropped out.
During one panel discussion March 9, which took place as stock markets in New York opened for trading and immediately plummeted, executives and analysts said they expected space companies to feel the economic effects at a scale similar to other industries.
“I think for the time being it’s more of a transitory effect,” said Chris Quilty, president of Quilty Analytics. “Companies with exposure to the supply chain and transportation markets are going to be more impacted.”
“Obviously, if everybody is feeling depressed and afraid for their lives, that will have a general dampening effect on people’s enthusiasm,” said Mark Rigolle, chief executive of constellation startup KLEO Connect. Rigolle, formerly head of LeoSat, said his new venture has strong financial backing from Chinese investors who are focused on the long term, and not short-term stock market fluctuations. “I wouldn’t correlate public markets with private transactions.”
Among those companies that could feel the worst effects of the outbreak, panelists said, are those that provide satellite broadband connectivity for aircraft, given declines in air travel. Service providers like Global Eagle and Speedcast could see their current struggles exacerbated by a drop in demand.
“That is probably the first area where we’re going to see the tipping of the scales” because of the outbreak, argued John Finney, founder of antenna startup Isotropic Systems. “It will force consolidation at the service provider level. It will, potentially, have companies just simply go into liquidation.”
An economic downturn will also hurt major satellite operators, who have in some cases seen their stock prices drop precipitously with the ongoing C-band spectrum proceedings in the United States. “It’s not a safe haven,” said Quilty. “If you’re looking for a place to park money as a pandemic happens, the industry has moved along with the overall market.”
Another area of concern is that an economic downturn triggered by the coronavirus outbreak could hurt startup companies in general. On March 5, Sequoia, a leading venture capital firm whose portfolio has included space companies, published a memo calling the outbreak a “black swan” event with potentially adverse impacts on both revenue of startups and their ability to raise money.
“Do you really have as much runway as you think? Could you withstand a few poor quarters if the economy sputters?” Sequoia asked its portfolio companies in the memo. “Private financings could soften significantly, as happened in 2001 and 2009. What would you do if fundraising on attractive terms proves difficult in 2020 and 2021?” The firm suggested companies evaluate their capital expenditure plans and consider reducing staff.
Finney did not specifically mention that memo in his comments on the panel, but offered similar advice. “Are we spending our capital wisely? Do we have the right level of headcount? In other words, can we do more with less people?” he said.
“There is no book titled, ‘How to Thrive as a Company During a Global Pandemic,’ but we are holding the pen,” he said. “Ultimately, this is a true test of leadership for anybody that is in the satellite industry and out raising money right now.”
Space, though, may still fare better than some of hardest hit sectors of the economy. During a March 9 event at the British Embassy here, where the Royal Aeronautical Society gave Virgin founder Richard Branson its Transatlantic Leading Edge Award, Branson noted that much of Virgin’s holdings are in travel-related industries like airlines, cruise ships and hotels, beyond its stakes in space tourism company Virgin Galactic and small launch vehicle company Virgin Orbit.
“We survived 9/11 and other financial crashes over the last 36 years, and I’m sure our teams will survive this,” he said. “Having said that, maybe going to space is not such a bad idea.”
TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.
Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.
Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.
The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.
The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.
It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.
Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.
Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.
Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.
Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.
Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.
The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”
VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.
Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”
Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.
“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.
B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.
Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.
Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.
Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.
“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”
Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”
“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.
Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.
“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.
The European Space Agency is fast-tracking a new mission called Ramses, which will fly to near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis and join the space rock in 2029 when it comes very close to our planet — closer even than the region where geosynchronous satellites sit.
Ramses is short for Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety and, as its name suggests, is the next phase in humanity’s efforts to learn more about near-Earth asteroids (NEOs) and how we might deflect them should one ever be discovered on a collision course with planet Earth.
In order to launch in time to rendezvous with Apophis in February 2029, scientists at the European Space Agency have been given permission to start planning Ramses even before the multinational space agency officially adopts the mission. The sanctioning and appropriation of funding for the Ramses mission will hopefully take place at ESA’s Ministerial Council meeting (involving representatives from each of ESA’s member states) in November of 2025. To arrive at Apophis in February 2029, launch would have to take place in April 2028, the agency says.
This is a big deal because large asteroids don’t come this close to Earth very often. It is thus scientifically precious that, on April 13, 2029, Apophis will pass within 19,794 miles (31,860 kilometers) of Earth. For comparison, geosynchronous orbit is 22,236 miles (35,786 km) above Earth’s surface. Such close fly-bys by asteroids hundreds of meters across (Apophis is about 1,230 feet, or 375 meters, across) only occur on average once every 5,000 to 10,000 years. Miss this one, and we’ve got a long time to wait for the next.
When Apophis was discovered in 2004, it was for a short time the most dangerous asteroid known, being classified as having the potential to impact with Earth possibly in 2029, 2036, or 2068. Should an asteroid of its size strike Earth, it could gouge out a crater several kilometers across and devastate a country with shock waves, flash heating and earth tremors. If it crashed down in the ocean, it could send a towering tsunami to devastate coastlines in multiple countries.
Over time, as our knowledge of Apophis’ orbit became more refined, however, the risk of impact greatly went down. Radar observations of the asteroid in March of 2021 reduced the uncertainty in Apophis’ orbit from hundreds of kilometers to just a few kilometers, finally removing any lingering worries about an impact — at least for the next 100 years. (Beyond 100 years, asteroid orbits can become too unpredictable to plot with any accuracy, but there’s currently no suggestion that an impact will occur after 100 years.) So, Earth is expected to be perfectly safe in 2029 when Apophis comes through. Still, scientists want to see how Apophis responds by coming so close to Earth and entering our planet’s gravitational field.
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“There is still so much we have yet to learn about asteroids but, until now, we have had to travel deep into the solar system to study them and perform experiments ourselves to interact with their surface,” said Patrick Michel, who is the Director of Research at CNRS at Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur in Nice, France, in a statement. “Nature is bringing one to us and conducting the experiment itself. All we need to do is watch as Apophis is stretched and squeezed by strong tidal forces that may trigger landslides and other disturbances and reveal new material from beneath the surface.”
The Goldstone radar’s imagery of asteroid 99942 Apophis as it made its closest approach to Earth, in March 2021. (Image credit: NASA/JPL–Caltech/NSF/AUI/GBO)
By arriving at Apophis before the asteroid’s close encounter with Earth, and sticking with it throughout the flyby and beyond, Ramses will be in prime position to conduct before-and-after surveys to see how Apophis reacts to Earth. By looking for disturbances Earth’s gravitational tidal forces trigger on the asteroid’s surface, Ramses will be able to learn about Apophis’ internal structure, density, porosity and composition, all of which are characteristics that we would need to first understand before considering how best to deflect a similar asteroid were one ever found to be on a collision course with our world.
Besides assisting in protecting Earth, learning about Apophis will give scientists further insights into how similar asteroids formed in the early solar system, and, in the process, how planets (including Earth) formed out of the same material.
One way we already know Earth will affect Apophis is by changing its orbit. Currently, Apophis is categorized as an Aten-type asteroid, which is what we call the class of near-Earth objects that have a shorter orbit around the sun than Earth does. Apophis currently gets as far as 0.92 astronomical units (137.6 million km, or 85.5 million miles) from the sun. However, our planet will give Apophis a gravitational nudge that will enlarge its orbit to 1.1 astronomical units (164.6 million km, or 102 million miles), such that its orbital period becomes longer than Earth’s.
It will then be classed as an Apollo-type asteroid.
Ramses won’t be alone in tracking Apophis. NASA has repurposed their OSIRIS-REx mission, which returned a sample from another near-Earth asteroid, 101955 Bennu, in 2023. However, the spacecraft, renamed OSIRIS-APEX (Apophis Explorer), won’t arrive at the asteroid until April 23, 2029, ten days after the close encounter with Earth. OSIRIS-APEX will initially perform a flyby of Apophis at a distance of about 2,500 miles (4,000 km) from the object, then return in June that year to settle into orbit around Apophis for an 18-month mission.
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Furthermore, the European Space Agency still plans on launching its Hera spacecraft in October 2024 to follow-up on the DART mission to the double asteroid Didymos and Dimorphos. DART impacted the latter in a test of kinetic impactor capabilities for potentially changing a hazardous asteroid’s orbit around our planet. Hera will survey the binary asteroid system and observe the crater made by DART’s sacrifice to gain a better understanding of Dimorphos’ structure and composition post-impact, so that we can place the results in context.
The more near-Earth asteroids like Dimorphos and Apophis that we study, the greater that context becomes. Perhaps, one day, the understanding that we have gained from these missions will indeed save our planet.
