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Inching Towards The Eradication Of TB In India: The Impact Of COVID-19 On The Mission Of Eradication? | Th – TheHealthSite

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How Has The COVID-19 Pandemic Affected The Mission Of Eradication Of TB In India?

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly hampered the efforts of health officials to eradicate tuberculosis from India. In fact, it has made matters worse. Here’s how!

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Since 2020, India, just like the rest of the world, has been grappling with the Covid-19 pandemic that has put pretty much the entire global healthcare system into crisis mode. This pandemic not only shattered the present healthcare systems but has also effectively shattered the progress made by certain medical institutions by deterring them from their goals towards the eradication of certain diseases and conditions.

The diagnosis of infectious disorders, such as HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria, have been badly hampered by Covid-19. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of India’s most serious public health problems. It is responsible for approximately a third of all TB cases recorded worldwide. India had set a goal of eradicating the disease by 2025, five years ahead of the worldwide deadline. However, while hospitals focused on Covid-care, the pandemic disrupted care and disease diagnosis.

TB Second Worst Infectious Disease, Misdiagnosis Makes Matter Worse

Among the diseases whose eradication process changed course, Tuberculosis emerged as the worst hit among all. Due to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries have seen significant setbacks in their efforts to eliminate TB by 2020. India has taken the bigger impact of the damage. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global TB Report released in October 2021 highlighted that countries like the Philippines, India, and Indonesia were badly impacted. After Covid-19, it is the world’s deadliest infectious disease. If identified correctly and as early as feasible, tuberculosis is curable and prevented. Misdiagnoses, on the other hand, continue to be a major issue.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which usually infects the lungs, causes tuberculosis. When persons with lung TB cough or sneeze, the germs are propelled into the air and carried in tiny droplets. By inhaling just a few of these germs, a person could get infected.

Although TB screening and diagnosis technologies have improved in recent decades, many people are still left undiagnosed. The greatest impact according to the reports was seen in terms of case diagnosis and detection. The limited availability of diagnostic facilities owing to the pandemic and the several restrictions established to contain the disease, a huge number of cases had gone undiagnosed, and unreported. Because of the significant decline in TB case diagnoses in 2020 compared to the previous years, the gap between the number of persons who were diagnosed with the disease and the number of new people diagnosed had widened greatly starting from 2020. According to the research, the gap is estimated to be over 4 million cases.

The Need To Eradicate TB From India

TB was one of the world’s greatest causes of death until 2020. It is now expected to be the second leading cause, only after COVID-19, due to massive setbacks. According to the reports, the number of people diagnosed with drug-resistant tuberculosis who received treatment decreased by 15 per cent in 2020 compared to the previous year. Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis cases, on the other hand, have remained steady.

When anti-TB drugs are taken incorrectly, drug resistance develops. It can also happen if individuals are prescribed low-quality medications or if they quit their treatment too soon. MDR-TB is a kind of tuberculosis caused by microorganisms that are resistant to the main first-line anti-TB medications. It is still treatable and curable, according to the WHO, with the use of second-line therapy medications.

According to the WHO, Covid-19-related interruptions in TB treatment could result in an additional half-million TB deaths. Even today, most people are ignorant of the scope of the tuberculosis epidemic. In order for India to truly eliminate tuberculosis by 2025, epidemiologists recommend increasing early detection using low-cost diagnostics. Most importantly, people from low-income neighbourhoods should have free access to TB treatment, counselling, and care.

(The article is contributed by Dr Suresh A, Consultant, Pulmonologist, SIMS Hospital, Chennai)

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RCMP warn about benzodiazepine-laced fentanyl tied to overdose in Alberta – Edmonton Journal

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Grande Prairie RCMP issued a warning Friday after it was revealed fentanyl linked to a deadly overdose was mixed with a chemical that doesn’t respond to naloxone treatment.

The drugs were initially seized on Feb. 28 after a fatal overdose, and this week, Health Canada reported back to Mounties that the fentanyl had been mixed with Bromazolam, which is a benzodiazepine.

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Mounties say this is the first recorded instance of Bromazolam in Alberta. The drug has previously been linked to nine fatal overdoses in New Brunswick in 2022.

The pills seized in Alberta were oval-shaped and stamped with “20” and “SS,” though Mounties say it can come in other forms.

Naloxone treatment, given in many cases of opioid toxicity, is not effective in reversing the effects of Bromazalam, Mounties said, and therefore, any fentanyl mixed with the benzodiazepine “would see a reduced effectiveness of naloxone, requiring the use of additional doses and may still result in a fatality.”

Photo of benzodiazepine-laced fentanyl seized earlier this year by Grande Prairie RCMP after a fatal overdose. edm

From January to November of last year, there were 1,706 opioid-related deaths in Alberta, and 57 linked to benzodiazepine, up from 1,375 and 43, respectively, in 2022.

Mounties say officers responded to about 1,100 opioid-related calls for service, last year with a third of those proving fatal. RCMP officers also used naloxone 67 times while in the field, a jump of nearly a third over the previous year.

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CFIA continues surveillance for HPAI in cattle, while sticking with original name for disease – RealAgriculture

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The Canada Food Inspection Agency will continue to refer to highly pathogenic avian influenza in cattle as HPAI in cattle, and not refer to it as bovine influenza A virus (BIAV), as suggested by the American Association of Bovine Practitioners earlier this month.

Dr. Martin Appelt, senior director for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the interview below, says at this time Canada will stick with “HPAI in cattle” when referencing the disease that’s been confirmed in dairy cattle in multiple states in the U.S.

The CFIA’s naming policy is consistent with the agency’s U.S. counterparts’, as the U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has also said it will continue referring to it as HPAI or H5N1.

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Appelt explains how the CFIA is learning from the U.S. experience to-date, and how it is working with veterinarians across Canada to stay vigilant for signs of the disease in dairy and beef cattle.

As of April 19, there has not been a confirmed case of HPAI in cattle in Canada. Appelt says it’s too soon to say if an eventual positive case will significantly restrict animal movement, as is the case with positive poultry cases.

This is a major concern for the cattle industry, as beef cattle especially move north and south across the U.S. border by the thousands. Appelt says that CFIA will address an infection in each species differently in conjunction with how the disease is spread and the threat to neighbouring farms or livestock.

Currently, provincial dairy organizations have advised producers to postpone any non-essential tours of dairy barns, as a precaution, in addition to other biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of cattle contracting HPAI.

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Toronto reports 2 more measles cases. Use our tool to check the spread in Canada – Toronto Star

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Canada has seen a concerning rise in measles cases in the first months of 2024.

By the third week of March, the country had already recorded more than three times the number of cases as all of last year. Canada had just 12 cases of measles in 2023, up from three in 2022.

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