Health
Researchers discover new antimicrobial resistance gene in livestock disease treatment
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“There’s a possibility that the drug will not work because of the presence of the gene,” Dhindwal said.
Antibiotics are becoming less effective due to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Based on 2019 estimates, more than 1.2 million human deaths were caused by drug-resistant infections. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are mobile genetic elements that can pass between micro-organisms and help to accelerate resistance.
The USask research team made the discovery after analyzing bacteria collected from watering bowls at a western Canadian beef cattle feedlot.
The research was led by assistant professor Dr. Tony Ruzzini in collaboration with Dr. Murray Jelinski.
“[Our discovery] adds one more piece to the puzzle,” Jelinski said.
Scientists have previously identified the existence of this gene that’s commonly found in many animal pathogens and their microbiomes, but its purpose remained a mystery.
Ruzzini said the research team discovered the gene can break the ring structure of the antibiotic through hydrolysis which is a chemical reaction caused by water.
“If you break the ring or you open the ring with water, then you disrupt the active shape of the antibiotic. So, it no longer has a high affinity for the target,” Ruzzini said.
Once the gene destroys the antibiotic’s structure, the drug is no longer able to work as effectively in treating an illness.
The team found the gene in a cluster with three other ARGs. Ruzzini said this was the first clue that it could be involved in antimicrobial resistance. Once the team identified the gene, team members worked to clone it and test it against a panel of many antibiotic drugs from different classes.
“This gene, even though we found it in an environmental organism, it is also present in pathogens that are responsible for causing bovine respiratory disease (BRD),” Ruzzini said.
The team’s work should be of interest to all researchers in both human and animal health fields who are studying antimicrobial resistance.
Ruzzini added that his research team is continuing to learn more about how EstT works.
“As AMR surveillance systems rely more on molecular tools for detection, our knowledge of this specific gene and its integration into those systems will help to better inform antimicrobial use,” Ruzzini said.
The Saskatchewan Health Research Fund, Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund, the Beef Cattle Research Council, and the Mitacs Globalink Internship program supported the research.
The findings were published online last week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) journal.
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alice.mcfarlane@pattisonmedia.com
On Twitter: @farmnewsNOW
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Alberta Health Services (AHS) has confirmed a case of measles in Edmonton, and is advising the public that the individual was out in public while infectious.
Measles is an extremely contagious disease that is spread easily through the air, and can only be prevented through immunization.
AHS says individuals who were in the following locations during the specified dates and times, may have been exposed to measles.
- April 16
- Edmonton International Airport, international arrivals and baggage claim area — between 3:20 p.m. and 6 p.m.
- April 20
- Stollery Children’s Hospital Emergency Department — between 5 a.m. to 3 p.m.
- April 22
- 66th Medical Clinic (13635 66 St NW Edmonton) — between 12:15 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.
- Pharmacy 66 (13637 66 St NW Edmonton) — between 12:15 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.
- April 23
- Stollery Children’s Hospital Emergency Department — between 4:40 a.m. to 9:33 a.m.
AHS says anyone who attended those locations during those times is at risk of developing measles if they’ve not had two documented doses of measles-containing vaccine.
Those who have not had two doses, who are pregnant, under one year of age, or have a weakened immune system are at greatest risk of getting measles and should contact Health Link at 1-877-720-0707.
Symptoms
Symptoms of measles include a fever of 38.3° C or higher, cough, runny nose, and/or red eyes, a red blotchy rash that appears three to seven days after fever starts, beginning behind the ears and on the face and spreading down the body and then to the arms and legs.
If you have any of these symptoms stay home and call Health Link.
In Alberta, measles vaccine is offered, free of charge, through Alberta’s publicly funded immunization program. Children in Alberta typically receive their first dose of measles vaccine at 12 months of age, and their second dose at 18 months of age.
Health
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Infected cows were already prohibited from being transported out of state, but that was based on the physical characteristics of the milk, which looks curdled when a cow is infected, or a cow has decreased lactation or low appetite, both symptoms of infection.
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