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Roman Telescope Could Turn up Over 100,000 Planets Through Microlensing – Universe Today

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Recently we reported on a haul of 2,200 new exoplanets from the 2 year primary mission of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). But that is just the tip of the iceberg in terms of exoplanet hunting.  If calculations from NASA are correct the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope could detect up to 100,000 new exoplanets when it launches in 2025.

There are two ways Roman will look for potential exoplanets.  The first is a more traditional method, already used by TESS and Kepler, to watch for the faiting dimming of a star that happens when a planet passes in front of it.  This technique, known as transiting, is the process that has found the bulk of exoplanets so far.

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UT video discussing transits – one of the techniques Roman will use to detect new exoplanets.

Roman will have much more sensitive systems than any currently launched transiting exoplanet satellite so far.  That sensitivity will allow it to detect worlds much farther away than TESS and similar satellites.  Exoplanets found by TESS are generally located approximately 150 light years away while Kepler focused on a specific path of sky up to about 2,000 light years away.  While it’s nice to collect data on our galactic neighborhood, there are a relatively small number of stars there.  Roman, on the other hand, will be sensitive enough to detect planet candidates up to 26,000 light years away, reaching almost all the way to the center of the galaxy.  

But it won’t be able to reach that far using the transiting technique alone.  It will also rely on a much more novel technique for exoplanet hunting – microlensing.  Microlensing itself has been around for some time, and results in some absolutely spectacular astronomical images, such as the “Molten Ring” discovered not long ago.  The technique uses a principle of the theory of relativity to take advantage of the fact that light can bend around massive objects, such as a star.  

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UT Video discussing the search for exoplanets.

When Roman finds a pair of stars that create a lensing effect, it will be able to detect slight changes in both the stars in the system, allowing it to see transits in stars that are much farther away than would otherwise be possible.  Additionally, lensing would add the unique ability to potentially detect planets that are transiting on the opposite site of a star doing the lensing.  Any planets found via this technique would dim the light from the star being microlensed, but only because it is blocking that light before it reaches the gravitational pull of the star nearer to Earth the planet is orbiting.

This microlensing technique might also be helpful in finding another type of exoplanet.  Known as “rogue planets”, these are not gravitationally bound to a star.  Scientists have seen them in the past, but usually only when they are newly formed and emitting infrared radiation.  Roman has the potential to see hundreds more of these wanderers, helping to flesh out their formation process and evolution.

Graphic showing the searchable areas for each of the three main exoplanet hunting space telescopes. Roman will able to reach much further than ever before.
Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

Rogue planets will likely only make up a small percentage of the total number of planets detected though. A paper was released a few years ago discussing the two techniques and how they might be used.  That paper points out how Roman (then called WFIRST), combined with the (hopefully) soon-to-be-launched James Webb Space Telescope, will bring all new observational capabilities online and really step up the search for extrasolar planets.  With luck, in the next decade or so, the planetary science community will have a cornucopia of new potential candidates to look into. 

Learn More:
NASA – NASA’s Roman Mission Predicted to Find 100,000 Transiting Planets
The Cosmic Companion – Could the Nancy Grace Roman Telescope Find 100,000 Planets?
digitaltrends – Upcoming Roman Space Telescope could discover 100,000 new exoplanets
UT – Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Could Get A Starshade Of Its Own
UT – There Could Be More Rogue Planets Than Stars in the Milky Way. Here’s How Nancy Grace Will Find Them

Lead Image:
Artist’s conception of a planetary transit.
Credit: JPL

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

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