Are you interested in learning about semaglutide for weight loss?
If so, look no further than this comprehensive guide on one of the most popular anti-obesity peptide therapeutics.
As worldwide obesity rates have grown in recent years, clinical understanding of the disease has evolved to address its complex pathophysiology. Novel antiobesity pharmacotherapies have emerged as safe, effective, and long-lasting solutions. Of these, semaglutide demonstrates particular promise.
Citing current peer-reviewed publications and recent studies, this review will disclose all you need to know to add semaglutide to your peptide research. We will explore its demonstrated efficacy as a weight loss agent, mechanisms of action, and safe handling practices.
Lastly, we will close with our top recommendation for purchasing high-quality semaglutide online, ensuring the best research outcomes.
Semaglutide (brand names: Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog made up of 31 amino acids. It is currently the only glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) drug that has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in both subcutaneous and oral formulations [1, 2].
Initially approved as an antidiabetic medication due to its marked hypoglycemic action, semaglutide subsequently gained clinical interest as an appetite regulator and weight loss agent. Extensive trials have demonstrated its promise as a weight loss intervention, leading to its latest approval for weight management in non-diabetic patients with obesity or comorbidly overweight individuals. Ongoing research points to further pleiotropic effects, such as lower cardiovascular risk in susceptible populations [1, 2].
GLP-1 is a naturally occurring incretin hormone. It is secreted in the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrient intake and is vital to healthy metabolic function. As a GLP-1RA agonist, semaglutide acts upon the GLP-1 receptors to regulate glycemic control and appetite. Semaglutide shares 94% homology with native GLP-1 and functions similarly. However, it has been slightly altered for greater stability and a longer duration of action, increasing its curative potential [3, 4, 5].
When used as directed by a doctor, semaglutide is considered safe. It is also accessible to qualified researchers for educational use.
How Semaglutide Works for Weight Loss
The dramatic weight loss benefits of semaglutide have been well-documented through extensive clinical trial programs in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. This section will briefly discuss these findings.
Mechanism of Action
GLP-1 acts upon receptors within the GI tract and central nervous system to regulate blood glucose, gastric motility, and appetite. GLP-1-RA’s like semaglutide activate the GLP-1 receptors to stimulate pancreatic insulin release while suppressing glucagon output. These medications function in a glucose-dependent fashion, reducing blood sugar for better glycemic control [3, 4].
Hypothalamic stimulation improves appetite control and feeding habits for lowered caloric intake. Through these mechanisms, semaglutide and other GLP-1RAs have been proven to affect substantial and sustained weight reduction in obese and overweight patients with various etiologies [4, 5].
Semaglutide and other drugs of its class also display broad anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. While semaglutide performs the same activities as natural GLP-1, it has a unique albumin-binding structure that allows for enhanced stability and a longer half-life. As a result, it is suitable for once-weekly administration via subcutaneous injection [3, 4, 5].
Effects on Appetite and Satiety
Semaglutide induces weight reduction through multiple distinct pathways. Appetite suppression is identified as the leading cause. This is attributed to its stimulation of the hypothalamic GLP-1 receptor, which alters eating patterns and reduces cravings. It also slows gastric motility, which
improves satiety and nutritional absorption. Lastly, its insulinogenic effects increase glycemic control to further promote homeostatic feeding and appetite management. As a consequence, food intake decreases, resulting in weight loss with improved body composition [6, 7, 8].
Role in Promoting Weight Loss
Comprehensive clinical trials show semaglutide’s effectiveness as a lasting weight loss strategy beyond the field of diabetes intervention. It presently has regulatory clearance for chronic weight control in combination with exercise and dietary changes in obese and overweight individuals with weight-related illnesses such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. It was recently approved by the FDA as an antiobesity and antidiabetic medicine in pediatric patients aged 12 and up [6, 7].
While other GLP-1-RA medications, such as liraglutide, have been shown to aid in weight reduction, semaglutide is usually regarded as the most successful and enduring in its class. This is due to its increased hypothalamic activity and longer half-life, which synergistically combine to suppress hunger for longer periods. Trials involving diabetics and nondiabetics have demonstrated considerable weight loss with once-weekly semaglutide injections over extended durations of study [5, 6, 7, 9].
Semaglutide Dosage and Administration for Weight Loss
The recommended dose and administration of semaglutide are subject to change based on the research purpose or therapeutic application. This section examines the general information regarding semaglutide dosage for weight loss. Handlers are advised to check the product literature for specific instructions.
Recommended Dosage for Weight Loss
Subcutaneous semaglutide is indicated for weight management. The administration should adhere to these Wegovy guidelines [10]:
Initial dose: 250mcg delivered once weekly via subcutaneous injection for four weeks.
Dose increase: Increase the weekly dose to 500mcg/weekly for weeks 5-8, 1mg/weekly for weeks 9-12, 1.7mg/weekly for weeks 13-16, and 2.4mg/weekly for weeks 17 and onward.
Missed doses: If a dose is missed, it can be administered within 5 days.
Notes: Injections may be given in the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh. Alternate sites of injection to prevent irritation. If the weekly dose of 1.7mg is not well tolerated, discontinue usage.
Injectable Semaglutide vs. Oral Tablets
Oral semaglutide is presently only approved by the FDA as a T2D therapy under the trade name Rybelsus. Studies indicate that oral semaglutide maintains the fundamental therapeutic effects of the subcutaneous form in type 2 diabetes patients, notably glycemic control and weight management. Although there is evidence that it may be similarly beneficial as an anti-obesity medication in non-diabetics, more research is needed [7, 11].
Due to the higher volatility of semaglutide in digestive fluids, much larger doses of its oral form are required daily for therapeutic effects. Trials examining its weight reduction potential in nondiabetics have typically adhered to the authorized anti-diabetic dose regimen of 3mg, 7mg, and 14mg, gradually increasing for tolerability. Oral semaglutide is associated with a greater degree of gastrointestinal discomfort overall [7, 11].
Semaglutide For Weight Loss | Benefits
Semaglutide’s weight loss advantages have been thoroughly demonstrated in various populations, leading to its regulatory approval as a weight management medication in conjunction with diet and exercise.
Multiple randomized controlled trials have documented the efficacy of both subcutaneous and oral formulations in encouraging ongoing weight loss among obese and overweight individuals with a variety of underlying etiologies other than type 2 diabetes [7].
The particular mechanisms behind semaglutide’s antiobesity effect are uncertain. Nonetheless, thorough evaluations of regulatory trials give valuable insight into the therapeutic effects of semaglutide in the context of weight control [7, 12].
Reduced Appetite and Food Cravings
Semaglutide’s weight reduction results are driven by central and peripheral appetite suppression. The central pathway includes activity on the hypothalamic GLP-1 receptor, which influences calorie expenditure in conjunction with neural appetite and reward regions. GLP-1 agonists have been found to lower the hedonic effect of food among obese and overweight people, enhancing homeostatic eating and shifting nutritional choices toward healthier options [7, 8].
The peripheral pathway of appetite suppression involves increased insulin production in the pancreas. This improves glycemic control and further suppresses appetite via feedback along the gut-brain axis [7, 8, 13].
While these functions have been identified in all drugs classed as GLP-1RAs, semaglutide is demonstrated to have the most significant impact on the hypothalamus, resulting in more drastic decreases in appetite and caloric intake in relation to comparable compounds. Furthermore, its longer half-life confers more substantial hypoglycemic and insulinogenic effects, resulting in more persistent control of food and cravings [9].
Increased Satiety and Fullness
Semaglutide has also been proven to lower appetite and calorie intake by stimulating the GLP-1 receptors that populate the gastrointestinal tract, another feature of its peripheral anorexigenic mechanism. This slows gastric emptying for increased sensations of satiety and fullness. Delayed gastric motility impacts nutritional absorption and postprandial blood sugar levels, also increasing gastrointestinal distension to reduce appetite between meals [8, 9, 14].
Lower Body Weight and BMI
Studies on semaglutide use in both T2D patients and nondiabetics have resulted in substantial weight loss due to decreased caloric consumption. In the PIONEER clinical trials, orally administered semaglutide led to significant weight loss among diabetics in a dose-dependent fashion within 26 weeks. Both waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) were lowered.
Comparable findings were seen in the STEP program assessing injectable semaglutide as a weight management tool for diabetic and non-diabetic patients [6, 7].
Semaglutide’s efficacy as a weight loss drug is attributed to its ability to suppress appetite through hypothalamic activation, which promotes sensations of fullness. The ensuing control of calorie consumption leads to weight reduction. Meanwhile, its regulation of blood sugar levels and metabolism is tied to reductions in cardiac and visceral fatty tissue storage, resulting in healthier body composition [6, 7].
In clinical evaluations, semaglutide consistently outperforms other licensed anti-obesity and weight-loss drugs in terms of effectiveness and safety. Under the brand name Wegovy, it is authorized for weight loss in nondiabetic people who are obese or overweight with cardiometabolic comorbidities [6, 7].
Other Potential Benefits
Clinical data indicates that semaglutide can reduce cardiovascular risk in persons with T2D and other cardiovascular illnesses. In studies on its cardiovascular effects in high-risk patients, it was discovered that semaglutide lowered the frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), such as ischemic attacks and strokes.
Its cardioprotective benefits are mediated by global anti-inflammatory properties as well as its lowering of cardiac and visceral adiposity. Semaglutide, marketed as Ozempic, is officially approved for decreasing cardiovascular risk in T2D patients with cardiovascular comorbidities [5, 15, 16].
Because of the peptide’s effects on the inflammatory response, body composition, and lipid metabolism, it has been utilized to manage nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in T2D patients [17, 18].
Owing to its cardioprotective and hypoglycemic characteristics, semaglutide has shown prospective renal benefits in T2D patients [19].
Additional study in animal models indicates that semaglutide offers neuroprotective benefits for the potential management of Parkinson’s disease, attributable to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective outcomes [20].
Expanding analysis will surely add to this impressive list of advantages. Researchers are encouraged to keep informed on recent developments.
Semaglutide Side Effects and Safety
Semaglutide has undergone thorough safety testing as an FDA-approved drug, offering a wealth of information about potential side effects and cautions.
Common Side Effects
The majority of adverse reactions are minor and transient, typically dissipating within the first few weeks when patients adjust to the regimen. These include the GI issues listed below [16, 21]:
Constipation
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Indigestion
Diarrhea
The gastrointestinal side effects are dependent on dosage and timing. While the reasons behind these effects are not entirely understood, clinicians ascribe them to the peptide’s effects on gastric motility and intestinal absorption. Oral formulations are more likely to cause acute gastrointestinal problems, and subcutaneous delivery may cause injection site pain [21].
Serious Side Effects
Although uncommon, severe adverse effects have been observed. If any of these symptoms occur, discontinue treatment and seek medical attention [16, 21]:
Hypoglycemia
Because of its impact on blood glucose levels, semaglutide, like other GLP-1-RAs, can lead to hypoglycemia. This is an uncommon outcome associated with the concomitant use of multiple diabetic drugs.
Pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis
Although further research is needed, GLP-1-RAs have been linked to pancreatic inflammation and cancer. Due to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, semaglutide is not recommended for pancreatitis patients.
Thyroid cancer
In animal studies, GLP-1-RAs were associated with thyroid C-cell hyperplasia and malignancy. Semaglutide use is therefore inadvisable among high-risk subjects.
Diabetic retinopathy
In rare cases, retinal bleeding and vision loss have occurred in association with insulin co-administration.
Gallbladder disease
The risk of gallbladder disease, such as cholelithiasis, might rise. Fever and jaundice are typical symptoms.
Kidney injury
Renal impairment with dehydration has occurred, resulting in significant GI symptoms.
Hypersensitivity reactions
Though uncommon, acute allergic responses are known to elicit urticaria, anaphylaxis, rash, and angioedema.
Safety Considerations
Because it slows gastric motility, semaglutide may impede the digestion of oral drugs. Handlers are urged to speak with a physician regarding potential drug interactions and proper administration [16].
While semaglutide is generally considered safe, individuals with a high risk or history of biliary disease, renal failure, diabetic retinopathy, pancreatitis, or thyroid cancer should exercise caution. Furthermore, because of the elevated risk of developing hyperglycemia, the administration of semaglutide in conjunction with other diabetic medications must be done under medical supervision [16].
Precautions and Warnings
Certain populations should not take semaglutide. Although there is minimal information on the usage of semaglutide in pregnant women, concerns have been raised over the risk of fetal damage. In animal studies, semaglutide use in early gestation has been linked to severe fetal abnormalities and embryo-fetal death. However, the benefits of diabetes management during pregnancy may outweigh the risks [16].
Semaglutide is not authorized at present for usage in children below 12 years of age, and there is insufficient data to support its use among high-risk elderly populations [1, 6]. This is not an exhaustive review of current semaglutide safety data. Handlers must comply with indicated usage guidelines under the direction of a medical professional.
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Semaglutide and Weight Loss | Overall
This concludes our thorough examination of the weight loss benefits of semaglutide peptide therapy. Semaglutide is renowned for its potency and safety as a diabetic medicine and weight management intervention, making it one of the most promising recent advances in weight loss pharmacotherapy.
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VANCOUVER – Mayors and other leaders from several British Columbia communities say the provincial and federal governments need to take “immediate action” to tackle mental health and public safety issues that have reached crisis levels.
Vancouver Mayor Ken Sim says it’s become “abundantly clear” that mental health and addiction issues and public safety have caused crises that are “gripping” Vancouver, and he and other politicians, First Nations leaders and law enforcement officials are pleading for federal and provincial help.
In a letter to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Premier David Eby, mayors say there are “three critical fronts” that require action including “mandatory care” for people with severe mental health and addiction issues.
The letter says senior governments also need to bring in “meaningful bail reform” for repeat offenders, and the federal government must improve policing at Metro Vancouver ports to stop illicit drugs from coming in and stolen vehicles from being exported.
Sim says the “current system” has failed British Columbians, and the number of people dealing with severe mental health and addiction issues due to lack of proper care has “reached a critical point.”
Vancouver Police Chief Adam Palmer says repeat violent offenders are too often released on bail due to a “revolving door of justice,” and a new approach is needed to deal with mentally ill people who “pose a serious and immediate danger to themselves and others.”
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 16, 2024
The Canadian government says it will donate up to 200,000 vaccine doses to fight the mpox outbreak in Congo and other African countries.
It says the donated doses of Imvamune will come from Canada’s existing supply and will not affect the country’s preparedness for mpox cases in this country.
Minister of Health Mark Holland says the donation “will help to protect those in the most affected regions of Africa and will help prevent further spread of the virus.”
Dr. Madhukar Pai, Canada research chair in epidemiology and global health, says although the donation is welcome, it is a very small portion of the estimated 10 million vaccine doses needed to control the outbreak.
Vaccine donations from wealthier countries have only recently started arriving in Africa, almost a month after the World Health Organization declared the mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.
A few days after the declaration in August, Global Affairs Canada announced a contribution of $1 million for mpox surveillance, diagnostic tools, research and community awareness in Africa.
On Thursday, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention said mpox is still on the rise and that testing rates are “insufficient” across the continent.
Jason Kindrachuk, Canada research chair in emerging viruses at the University of Manitoba, said donating vaccines, in addition to supporting surveillance and diagnostic tests, is “massively important.”
But Kindrachuk, who has worked on the ground in Congo during the epidemic, also said that the international response to the mpox outbreak is “better late than never (but) better never late.”
“It would have been fantastic for us globally to not be in this position by having provided doses a much, much longer time prior than when we are,” he said, noting that the outbreak of clade I mpox in Congo started in early 2023.
Clade II mpox, endemic in regions of West Africa, came to the world’s attention even earlier — in 2022 — as that strain of virus spread to other countries, including Canada.
Two doses are recommended for mpox vaccination, so the donation may only benefit 100,000 people, Pai said.
Pai questioned whether Canada is contributing enough, as the federal government hasn’t said what percentage of its mpox vaccine stockpile it is donating.
“Small donations are simply not going to help end this crisis. We need to show greater solidarity and support,” he said in an email.
“That is the biggest lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic — our collective safety is tied with that of other nations.”
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 13, 2024.
Canadian Press health coverage receives support through a partnership with the Canadian Medical Association. CP is solely responsible for this content.
HALIFAX – The Nova Scotia government says it could be months before it reveals how many people are on the wait-list for a family doctor.
The head of the province’s health authority told reporters Wednesday that the government won’t release updated data until the 160,000 people who were on the wait-list in June are contacted to verify whether they still need primary care.
Karen Oldfield said Nova Scotia Health is working on validating the primary care wait-list data before posting new numbers, and that work may take a matter of months. The most recent public wait-list figures are from June 1, when 160,234 people, or about 16 per cent of the population, were on it.
“It’s going to take time to make 160,000 calls,” Oldfield said. “We are not talking weeks, we are talking months.”
The interim CEO and president of Nova Scotia Health said people on the list are being asked where they live, whether they still need a family doctor, and to give an update on their health.
A spokesperson with the province’s Health Department says the government and its health authority are “working hard” to turn the wait-list registry into a useful tool, adding that the data will be shared once it is validated.
Nova Scotia’s NDP are calling on Premier Tim Houston to immediately release statistics on how many people are looking for a family doctor. On Tuesday, the NDP introduced a bill that would require the health minister to make the number public every month.
“It is unacceptable for the list to be more than three months out of date,” NDP Leader Claudia Chender said Tuesday.
Chender said releasing this data regularly is vital so Nova Scotians can track the government’s progress on its main 2021 campaign promise: fixing health care.
The number of people in need of a family doctor has more than doubled between the 2021 summer election campaign and June 2024. Since September 2021 about 300 doctors have been added to the provincial health system, the Health Department said.
“We’ll know if Tim Houston is keeping his 2021 election promise to fix health care when Nova Scotians are attached to primary care,” Chender said.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 11, 2024.
