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New image of M87’s supermassive black hole – EarthSky

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This is an image of polarized light in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M87. The Event Horizon Telescope collaboration – a global network of radio dishes – observed it. The lines indicate the orientation of polarized light, which is directly related to the black hole’s magnetic field lines. Thus, for the first time, we have an image showing the “signature” of magnetic fields around a black hole. Image via EHT/ ESO.

In 2019, astronomers released the first direct image of a black hole, a feat that made headlines and boggled minds all over the world. The black hole was a supermassive one – millions of times our sun’s mass – at the heart of a relatively nearby galaxy known as M87. On March 24, 2021, the Event Horizon Telescope – the same global collaboration that captured M87’s black hole – released a new image showing polarized light from this black hole. The polarization of the light gives astronomers a signature (a representation) of a black hole’s magnetic field, for the first time.

The astronomers published their results in two papers (here and here) in the peer-reviewed Astrophysical Journal Letters on March 24, 2021, with a third one accepted for publication soon (here).

The black hole in M87 sends out enormous jets – matter ejected at nearly the speed of light – from its core. These observations are a key to understanding how this occurs, these astronomers said. Astronomer Monika Moscibrodzka of Radboud University in the Netherlands said in a statement:

We are now seeing the next crucial piece of evidence to understand how magnetic fields behave around black holes, and how activity in this very compact region of space can drive powerful jets that extend far beyond the galaxy.

Another astronomer involved in the project – Andrew Chael at the Princeton Center for Theoretical Science – further explained:

The newly published polarized images are key to understanding how the magnetic field allows the black hole to ‘eat’ matter and launch powerful jets.

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When you measure light emanating from an astronomical source, sometimes some of it is polarized, in the same way the light going through a pair of polarized sun glasses is. Instead of lenses, though, it is magnetic fields in hot regions of space that polarize astronomical light. Thus, using telescopes to measure how the light is polarized will give you direct information about the magnetic fields that caused it.

Another team member on this black hole study – Jason Dexter of the University of Colorado, Boulder – explained:

The observations suggest that the magnetic fields at the black hole’s edge are strong enough to push back on the hot gas and help it resist gravity’s pull. Only the gas that slips through the field can spiral inwards to the event horizon.

An elliptical galaxy shown as a central bright light with smoothly decreasing brightness the further from the center you go. From the center, a bluish light emanates towared the right.

M87 is an enormous elliptical galaxy located 55 million light-years from us. Its central supermassive black hole is one of the most massive ones known, and, like a cosmic searchlight, a jet of subatomic particles traveling nearly at the speed of light is streaming out of it, as far out as about 6,000 light-years. Image via NASA/ ESA/ Hubble Heritage team.

M87 is an enormous elliptical galaxy – it consists mainly of older stars and does not exhibit the well-known spiral pattern of disk galaxies – that is located relatively nearby at 55 million light-years from us, in the Virgo galaxy cluster. It has about double the mass of our own Milky Way galaxy and contains about 10 times more stars. Another peculiar thing about this galaxy is that it has an unusual number of globular clusters of stars, around 12,000 of them, which can be compared to the more humble amount of 200 in the Milky Way.

The supermassive black hole of M87 is, in direct relation to the size of its host galaxy, one of the most massive that we know of.

4 increasingly larger labeled images of a bright spot with a jet, the top one white and the other 3 orange-yellow.

A diagram of M87 and its jet, emanating from the central black hole. Top: An image in visible (optical) light shows the jet stretching out thousands of light-years from the center. The following 3 images show the inner parts of the jet and the central black hole region in polarized light, thus indicating how the magnetic fields behave in these regions. Each image zooms in closer and closer to the supermassive black hole. The horizontal line is an indicator of the scale of each image, given in light-years. Read more about this image at ESO.

Bottom line: Astronomers released a new image of the supermassive black hole in the center of nearby galaxy M87, this time showing the signatures of the magnetic fields.

Source: First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring

Source: First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon

Source: Polarimetric Properties of Event Horizon Telescope Targets from ALMA

Via ESO

Theresa Wiegert

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The body of a Ugandan Olympic athlete who was set on fire by her partner is received by family

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NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — The body of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei — who died after being set on fire by her partner in Kenya — was received Friday by family and anti-femicide crusaders, ahead of her burial a day later.

Cheptegei’s family met with dozens of activists Friday who had marched to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s morgue in the western city of Eldoret while chanting anti-femicide slogans.

She is the fourth female athlete to have been killed by her partner in Kenya in yet another case of gender-based violence in recent years.

Viola Cheptoo, the founder of Tirop Angels – an organization that was formed in honor of athlete Agnes Tirop, who was stabbed to death in 2021, said stakeholders need to ensure this is the last death of an athlete due to gender-based violence.

“We are here to say that enough is enough, we are tired of burying our sisters due to GBV,” she said.

It was a somber mood at the morgue as athletes and family members viewed Cheptegei’s body which sustained 80% of burns after she was doused with gasoline by her partner Dickson Ndiema. Ndiema sustained 30% burns on his body and later succumbed.

Ndiema and Cheptegei were said to have quarreled over a piece of land that the athlete bought in Kenya, according to a report filed by the local chief.

Cheptegei competed in the women’s marathon at the Paris Olympics less than a month before the attack. She finished in 44th place.

Cheptegei’s father, Joseph, said that the body will make a brief stop at their home in the Endebess area before proceeding to Bukwo in eastern Uganda for a night vigil and burial on Saturday.

“We are in the final part of giving my daughter the last respect,” a visibly distraught Joseph said.

He told reporters last week that Ndiema was stalking and threatening Cheptegei and the family had informed police.

Kenya’s high rates of violence against women have prompted marches by ordinary citizens in towns and cities this year.

Four in 10 women or an estimated 41% of dating or married Kenyan women have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or most recent partner, according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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The ancient jar smashed by a 4-year-old is back on display at an Israeli museum after repair

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TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A rare Bronze-Era jar accidentally smashed by a 4-year-old visiting a museum was back on display Wednesday after restoration experts were able to carefully piece the artifact back together.

Last month, a family from northern Israel was visiting the museum when their youngest son tipped over the jar, which smashed into pieces.

Alex Geller, the boy’s father, said his son — the youngest of three — is exceptionally curious, and that the moment he heard the crash, “please let that not be my child” was the first thought that raced through his head.

The jar has been on display at the Hecht Museum in Haifa for 35 years. It was one of the only containers of its size and from that period still complete when it was discovered.

The Bronze Age jar is one of many artifacts exhibited out in the open, part of the Hecht Museum’s vision of letting visitors explore history without glass barriers, said Inbal Rivlin, the director of the museum, which is associated with Haifa University in northern Israel.

It was likely used to hold wine or oil, and dates back to between 2200 and 1500 B.C.

Rivlin and the museum decided to turn the moment, which captured international attention, into a teaching moment, inviting the Geller family back for a special visit and hands-on activity to illustrate the restoration process.

Rivlin added that the incident provided a welcome distraction from the ongoing war in Gaza. “Well, he’s just a kid. So I think that somehow it touches the heart of the people in Israel and around the world,“ said Rivlin.

Roee Shafir, a restoration expert at the museum, said the repairs would be fairly simple, as the pieces were from a single, complete jar. Archaeologists often face the more daunting task of sifting through piles of shards from multiple objects and trying to piece them together.

Experts used 3D technology, hi-resolution videos, and special glue to painstakingly reconstruct the large jar.

Less than two weeks after it broke, the jar went back on display at the museum. The gluing process left small hairline cracks, and a few pieces are missing, but the jar’s impressive size remains.

The only noticeable difference in the exhibit was a new sign reading “please don’t touch.”

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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B.C. sets up a panel on bear deaths, will review conservation officer training

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VICTORIA – The British Columbia government is partnering with a bear welfare group to reduce the number of bears being euthanized in the province.

Nicholas Scapillati, executive director of Grizzly Bear Foundation, said Monday that it comes after months-long discussions with the province on how to protect bears, with the goal to give the animals a “better and second chance at life in the wild.”

Scapillati said what’s exciting about the project is that the government is open to working with outside experts and the public.

“So, they’ll be working through Indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding, bringing in the latest techniques and training expertise from leading experts,” he said in an interview.

B.C. government data show conservation officers destroyed 603 black bears and 23 grizzly bears in 2023, while 154 black bears were killed by officers in the first six months of this year.

Scapillati said the group will publish a report with recommendations by next spring, while an independent oversight committee will be set up to review all bear encounters with conservation officers to provide advice to the government.

Environment Minister George Heyman said in a statement that they are looking for new ways to ensure conservation officers “have the trust of the communities they serve,” and the panel will make recommendations to enhance officer training and improve policies.

Lesley Fox, with the wildlife protection group The Fur-Bearers, said they’ve been calling for such a committee for decades.

“This move demonstrates the government is listening,” said Fox. “I suspect, because of the impending election, their listening skills are potentially a little sharper than they normally are.”

Fox said the partnership came from “a place of long frustration” as provincial conservation officers kill more than 500 black bears every year on average, and the public is “no longer tolerating this kind of approach.”

“I think that the conservation officer service and the B.C. government are aware they need to change, and certainly the public has been asking for it,” said Fox.

Fox said there’s a lot of optimism about the new partnership, but, as with any government, there will likely be a lot of red tape to get through.

“I think speed is going to be important, whether or not the committee has the ability to make change and make change relatively quickly without having to study an issue to death, ” said Fox.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 9, 2024.

The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.

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