Health
Polio may resurge globally, WHO says, as countries pledge funds
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Various governments pledged $2.6 billion US on Tuesday toward a global plan to again try to eradicate polio, following its comeback, the World Health Organization says.
New cases of the disease in previously polio-free countries are a “stark reminder” that if polio is not ended “everywhere, it may resurge globally,” WHO Director General Tedros Ghebreyesus said in a statement as the UN body wrapped up its World Health Summit in Berlin.
The money — from countries including the U.S., Australia, France, Germany and Japan — will go through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative and will also be used to stop outbreaks of new variants of the virus.
Wild polio virus is found in just two countries: Pakistan and Afghanistan. After just six cases were recorded last year, 29 have been recorded so far in 2022, including a small number of new detections in southeast Africa linked to a strain originating in Pakistan.
This year, health officials found polio spread among the non- and under-vaccinated in the U.S., Israel and the U.K. In New York state this summer, a young man experienced paralysis after a polio infection, the first case in the U.S. in nearly a decade.
Public health physicians say that as long as the virus still exists somewhere in the world, it can spread.
Polio is a highly infectious disease spread mainly through contamination by fecal matter. It used to kill and paralyze thousands of children each year around the world. An epidemic in Canada in 1953 hit nearly 9,000 people and killed 500. At the time, it was the most severe epidemic in the country since the 1918 flu pandemic.
There is no known cure, but a full course of vaccines provides nearly 100 per cent immunity, doctors say.
However, vaccination rates for polio and measles declined in Canada among babies born during the COVID-19 pandemic due to missed routine immunizations when family physician offices closed down, doctors say.
Non-governmental organizations, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Bloomberg Philanthropies, Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America, Latter-day Saint Charities and Rotary International, also made pledges toward eradicating polio at the summit.
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Grande Prairie RCMP issued a warning Friday after it was revealed fentanyl linked to a deadly overdose was mixed with a chemical that doesn’t respond to naloxone treatment.
The drugs were initially seized on Feb. 28 after a fatal overdose, and this week, Health Canada reported back to Mounties that the fentanyl had been mixed with Bromazolam, which is a benzodiazepine.
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Mounties say this is the first recorded instance of Bromazolam in Alberta. The drug has previously been linked to nine fatal overdoses in New Brunswick in 2022.
The pills seized in Alberta were oval-shaped and stamped with “20” and “SS,” though Mounties say it can come in other forms.
Naloxone treatment, given in many cases of opioid toxicity, is not effective in reversing the effects of Bromazalam, Mounties said, and therefore, any fentanyl mixed with the benzodiazepine “would see a reduced effectiveness of naloxone, requiring the use of additional doses and may still result in a fatality.”
From January to November of last year, there were 1,706 opioid-related deaths in Alberta, and 57 linked to benzodiazepine, up from 1,375 and 43, respectively, in 2022.
Mounties say officers responded to about 1,100 opioid-related calls for service, last year with a third of those proving fatal. RCMP officers also used naloxone 67 times while in the field, a jump of nearly a third over the previous year.
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Health
CFIA continues surveillance for HPAI in cattle, while sticking with original name for disease – RealAgriculture
The Canada Food Inspection Agency will continue to refer to highly pathogenic avian influenza in cattle as HPAI in cattle, and not refer to it as bovine influenza A virus (BIAV), as suggested by the American Association of Bovine Practitioners earlier this month.
Dr. Martin Appelt, senior director for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, in the interview below, says at this time Canada will stick with “HPAI in cattle” when referencing the disease that’s been confirmed in dairy cattle in multiple states in the U.S.
The CFIA’s naming policy is consistent with the agency’s U.S. counterparts’, as the U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has also said it will continue referring to it as HPAI or H5N1.
Appelt explains how the CFIA is learning from the U.S. experience to-date, and how it is working with veterinarians across Canada to stay vigilant for signs of the disease in dairy and beef cattle.
As of April 19, there has not been a confirmed case of HPAI in cattle in Canada. Appelt says it’s too soon to say if an eventual positive case will significantly restrict animal movement, as is the case with positive poultry cases.
This is a major concern for the cattle industry, as beef cattle especially move north and south across the U.S. border by the thousands. Appelt says that CFIA will address an infection in each species differently in conjunction with how the disease is spread and the threat to neighbouring farms or livestock.
Currently, provincial dairy organizations have advised producers to postpone any non-essential tours of dairy barns, as a precaution, in addition to other biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of cattle contracting HPAI.
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Health
Toronto reports 2 more measles cases. Use our tool to check the spread in Canada – Toronto Star
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Canada has seen a concerning rise in measles cases in the first months of 2024.
By the third week of March, the country had already recorded more than three times the number of cases as all of last year. Canada had just 12 cases of measles in 2023, up from three in 2022.
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