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Coronavirus in Canada: What are the next steps to contain the disease here? – CBC.ca

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The next steps for Canada’s coronavirus patient zero include two weeks of monitoring in isolation and quarantine for those who’ve been in close contact with him, infectious disease physicians say.

The man in his 50s had travelled to Wuhan, China, and is currently in stable condition at Toronto’s Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.

Dr. Theresa Tam, Canada’s chief public health officer, said he showed mild symptoms on a flight from Guangzhou to Toronto.

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Travellers followed

Tam said the latest scientific data suggests that people transmit the virus when they’re in close contact with others.

“It’s really fellow travellers or family members travelling with a patient that are [at the highest risk],” Tam told a news conference on Sunday. Toronto Public Health officials will provide travellers who were within a two-metre radius of the patient on the plane with information.

Watch | The National looks at what is known so far about Canada’s 1st presumed coronavirus case:

A patient in Toronto is being treated in isolation for what Canadian health officials call the first ‘presumptive’ confirmed case of coronavirus. 2:11

Tam said airline staff who may have served the man will also be informed.

“What I would like to emphasize is that for other people on the flight, or in the airport or not in close contact with the patient, is that they should not be overly concerned,” Tam said.

The latest scientific data suggests that people transmit the coronavirus when they’re in close contact with others, said Chief Public Health Officer of Canada Dr. Theresa Tam. (Justin Tang/The Canadian Press)

CBC News spoke to a passenger who said he was on China Southern Airlines flight CZ311, which took off on Tuesday to Toronto from Guangzhou. Despite Tam’s reassurance, the passenger from Toronto, who didn’t want to be identified because of the stigma associated with the coronavirus, said he was going to self-quarantine on his own initiative for two weeks.

“I am worried,” he wrote to CBC News on Chinese microblogging site Weibo. “I am worried for me and my family.”

The risk of outbreak in Canada remains low, Tam said in reiterating that if someone has travelled to the affected area in Wuhan and has fever or flu-like symptoms, they should call a doctor.

China’s health minister said the transmissibility of the virus “shows signs of increasing.” 

A negative pressure isolation treatment room at Toronto’s Humber River Hospital. (Craig Chivers/CBC)

Dr. Andrew Morris, a professor in the department of medicine at the University of Toronto who studies infectious diseases with a focus on antimicrobial stewardship at Sinai Health System, said he’s concerned about how the Canadian public could respond to China’s health ministry information on how people might be infectious when not showing symptoms.

In China, officials strive for people to self-quarantine based on exposure to a high-risk place such as the live-animal market in Wuhan or being in close contact with someone known to be infected.

“What they’re trying to do [in China] is tell people you can’t just go by your symptoms,” Morris said. “If you’ve got an exposure history risk then you may be contagious even though you don’t have symptoms. That may be wise especially where the prevalence of the disease is high.

“I don’t think it’s applicability is there for … many of the other countries in the world, including Canada.”

Morris said he’s telling family and friends outside of health-care settings in Canada they don’t need to do anything differently.

Dr. Jerome Leis, director of infection prevention and control at Sunnybrook, said the care for the coronavirus patient isn’t affecting other patients. (CBC)

In the U.S., Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, said to expect more cases to be reported in the U.S. in the coming days. Like Tam, she described the risk to the public as “low at this time.”

“We need to be preparing as if this is a pandemic, but I continue to hope that it is not,” Messonnier told reporters.

The patient’s care

Dr. Jerome Leis of Sunnybrook said day-to-day business at the hospital continues as normal. “It is not affecting the care we provide for all of our other patients.”

Since there are no specific treatments for the virus, currently known in scientific circles as 2019-nCoV, the man will receive supportive care to relieve symptoms, Morris said.

The patient will be kept in isolation until infectious disease physicians consider the risk to the general public negligible, Morris said. Before that, they may conduct virus studies to check that he is no longer contagious.

“He’s been rapidly processed, appropriately processed and the degree of risk reduction has really been quite impressive,” Morris said.

“If you think of what it’s like today compared to how we were 17 years ago with SARS, that change is dramatic and hopefully that’s going to substantially reduce the risk to the public.”

Containment efforts

Paramedics who transported the patient wore protective equipment such as masks.

At the hospital, the patient was put in special isolation in a negative pressure room with a vacuum to suck all of the air out and filter out any infectious particles.

Standard public health protocols include tracing “close contacts” of a patient with the virus, such as those living with the sick person.

In Canada, close contacts are asked to self-isolate at home so public health officials can observe if they get symptoms or not.

According to the CDC, people who have “casual contact,” such as going to the same grocery store, “are at minimal risk for developing infection.”

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Quebec successfully pushes back against rise in measles cases – CBC.ca

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Quebec appears to be winning its battle against the rising tide of measles after 45 cases were confirmed province-wide this year.

“We’ve had no locally transmitted measles cases since March 25, so that’s good news,” said Dr. Paul Le Guerrier, responsible for immunization for Montreal Public Health.

There are 17 patients with measles in Quebec currently, and the most recent case is somebody who was infected while abroad, he said.

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But it was no small task to get to this point. 

Le Guerrier said once local transmission was detected, news was spread fast among health centres to ensure proper protocols were followed — such as not letting potentially infected people sit in waiting rooms for hours on end.

Then about 90 staffers were put to work, tracking down those who were in contact with positive cases and are not properly vaccinated. They were given post-exposure prophylaxis, which prevents disease, said Le Guerrier.

From there, a vaccination campaign was launched, especially in daycares, schools and neighbourhoods with low inoculation rates. There was an effort to convince parents to get their children vaccinated.

Vaccination in schools boosted

Some schools, mostly in Montreal, had vaccination rates as low as 30 or 40 per cent.

“Vaccination was well accepted and parents responded well,” said Le Guerrier. “Some schools went from very low to as high as 85 to 90 per cent vaccination coverage.”

But it’s not only children who aren’t properly vaccinated. Le Guerrier said people need two doses after age one to be fully inoculated, and he encouraged people to check their status.

There are all kinds of reasons why people aren’t vaccinated, but it’s only about five per cent who are against immunization, he said. So far, some 10,000 people have been vaccinated against measles province-wide during this campaign, Le Guerrier said. 

The next step is to continue pushing for further vaccination, but he said, small outbreaks are likely in the future as measles is spreading abroad and travellers are likely to bring it back with them.

Need to improve vaccination rate, expert says

Dr. Donald Vinh, an infectious diseases specialist from the McGill University Health Centre, said it’s not time to rest on our laurels, but this is a good indication that public health is able to take action quickly and that people are willing to listen to health recommendations.

“We are not seeing new cases or at least the new cases are not exceeding the number of cases that we can handle,” said Vinh.

“So these are all reassuring signs, but I don’t think it’s a sign that we need to become complacent.”

Vinh said there are also signs that the public is lagging in vaccine coverage and it’s important to respond to this with improved education and access. Otherwise, microbes capitalize on our weaknesses, he said. 

Getting vaccination coverage up to an adequate level is necessary, Vinh said, or more small outbreaks like this will continue to happen.

“And it’s very possible that we may not be able to get one under control if we don’t react quickly enough,” he said.

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Pregnant women in the Black Country urged to get whooping cough vaccine – BBC.com

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Pregnant women urged to get whooping cough vaccine

Babies are routinely given the vaccine at eight, 12 and 16 weeks

Pregnant women in the Black Country are being urged to get vaccinated against whooping cough after a rise in cases.

The bacterial infection of the lungs spreads very easily and can cause serious problems, especially in babies and young children.

The Black Country Integrated Care Board (ICB) is advising pregnant women between 16 and 32 weeks to contact their GP to get the vaccine so their baby has protection from birth.

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The UK Health Security Agency warned earlier this year of a steady decline in uptake of the vaccine in pregnant women and children.

Symptoms of the infection, also known as “100-day cough”, are similar to a cold, with a runny nose and sore throat.

Sally Roberts, chief nursing officer for the ICB, which covers Wolverhampton, Dudley, Walsall and Sandwell, said anyone could catch it, but it was more serious for young children and babies.

“Getting vaccinated while you’re pregnant is highly effective in protecting your baby from developing whooping cough in the first few weeks of their life – ideally from 16 weeks up to 32 weeks of pregnancy,” she said.

“If for any reason you miss having the vaccine, you can still have it up until you go into labour.”

Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, X and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: newsonline.westmidlands@bbc.co.uk

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Measles cases stabilize in Montreal – CityNews Montreal

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The number of measles cases has stabilized, according to the Montreal Public Health.

Since March 25, there have been no contaminations reported within the community.

“Our teams have identified all contact cases of measles,” said media relations advisor Geneviève Paradis. “It’s a laborious task: each measles case produces hundreds of contacts.”

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All community transmission cases since February 2024 have been caused by returning travelers who were either unvaccinated or partially vaccinated.

Currently, there are 18 measles cases in Montreal – with 46 total in Quebec. This according to the April 18 figures from the provincial government.

“With the summer vacations approaching, if you’re travelling, it is essential to check if you are protected against measles,” explained Paradis.

According to Montreal Public Health, a person needs to have received two doses after the age of 12 months to be immunized against the virus.

They’ve launched a vaccination campaign throughout the region, and currently, 11,341 people have been vaccinated against measles in Montreal between March 19 and April 15.

Vaccination is also being provided in schools and at local service points.

“The vaccination operation is under the responsibility of the five CIUSSS of the territory,” concluded Paradis.

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